Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis

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Last updated 4:14 PM on 4/25/26
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32 Terms

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Cell Division

Division of a cell into two daughter cells; 2 types: Mitosis & Meiosis

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Interphase

Part of the cell cycle that includes G1, S, G2 phases

<p>Part of the cell cycle that includes G1, S, G2 phases</p>
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Prophase

Phase where nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes are visible and spindle fibers form

<p>Phase where nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes are visible and spindle fibers form</p>
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Chromosome

Composed of tightly coiled DNA that carries genes

<p>Composed of tightly coiled DNA that carries genes</p>
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Centromere

Point of attachment on a chromosom

<p>Point of attachment on a chromosom</p>
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Cell Cycle

Series of events in which a cell grows, copies its DNA and divides

<p>Series of events in which a cell grows, copies its DNA and divides</p>
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Chromatids

Two pieces of a chromosome that is attached by a centromere

<p>Two pieces of a chromosome that is attached by a centromere</p>
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Diploid

Two copies of each chromosome

<p>Two copies of each chromosome</p>
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Haploid

One copy of each chromosome

<p>One copy of each chromosome</p>
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Metaphase

Phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

<p>Phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell</p>
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Anaphase

Phase where chromatids pull apart and move to opposite sides of the cell

<p>Phase where chromatids pull apart and move to opposite sides of the cell</p>
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Telophase

Phase where the nuclear envelope reforms, the chromatids loosen,

spindle fibers break down

<p>Phase where the nuclear envelope reforms, the chromatids loosen,</p><p>spindle fibers break down</p>
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Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes of the same size, shape, centromere location, and same genes coding for same traits (Ex: blood type); 1 from mom & 1 from dad

<p>Chromosomes of the same size, shape, centromere location, and same genes coding for same traits (Ex: blood type); 1 from mom &amp; 1 from dad</p>
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Mitosis

Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each having the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent

<p>Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each having the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent</p>
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Gene

A piece of a chromosome that contains traits

<p>A piece of a chromosome that contains traits</p>
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Body Cells

All diploid cells of a living organism; all cells except sex cells

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Gametes

Haploid sex cells; egg cells and sperm cells

<p>Haploid sex cells; egg cells and sperm cells</p>
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G1 phase

1st stage of interphase; growth of cell

<p>1st stage of interphase; growth of cell</p>
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S phase

2nd stage of interphase; DNA replication (Synthesis of DNA)

<p>2nd stage of interphase; DNA replication (Synthesis of DNA)</p>
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G2 phase

3rd stage of interphase; growth & preparation for cell division

<p>3rd stage of interphase; growth &amp; preparation for cell division</p>
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gametes

Sex cells

<p>Sex cells</p>
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Egg

Female sex cell; it is haploid

<p>Female sex cell; it is haploid</p>
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Sperm

Male sex cell; it is haploid

<p>Male sex cell; it is haploid</p>
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Zygote

Fertilized egg; it is diploid

<p>Fertilized egg; it is diploid</p>
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Autosomes

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes; contains most of our traits

<p>The first 22 pairs of chromosomes; contains most of our traits</p>
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Sex Chromosome

23rd paired chromosome; determines the sex of an offspring

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Karyotype

A picture of all of a person's chromosomes; used to detect disorders

<p>A picture of all of a person's chromosomes; used to detect disorders</p>
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Binary fission

Process in which bacteria reproduce making more identical bacteria

<p>Process in which bacteria reproduce making more identical bacteria</p>
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Mitosis

Process in which eukaryotes reproduce cells

<p>Process in which eukaryotes reproduce cells</p>
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Meiosis

Two division process that results in 4 haploid cells

<p>Two division process that results in 4 haploid cells</p>
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Synapsis

The process in which homologous chromosomes pair up

<p>The process in which homologous chromosomes pair up</p>
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Crossing over

Swapping of DNA between adjacent chromatids of homologous chromosomes

<p>Swapping of DNA between adjacent chromatids of homologous chromosomes</p>