Exam 4 | Chapter 18 | Zoology | UTA- Roelke

How many species is in phylum nematoda?

25,000

Where does phylum Nematoda live?

everywhere, especially in topsoil and parasitic on nearly everything

What is the species in phylum Nematoda that is a model organism in developmental biology?

Caenorhabdits elegans

What is caenoorhabditis elegans?

model organism, every cell in the body traced from its origin to final state

Why is phylum Nematoda economically important to agriculture/medicine?

when you get sick from these you can't go to work

What's the point of aging?

natures way of restarting clock on parasites

What is eutely?

fixed number of somatic cells

What is the shape of phylum Nematoda?

cylindrical

Does phylum Nematoda have motile cilia or flagella?

no

Which phylum has a excretory system made of glands emptying into a pore?

phylum Nematoda

How big is the phylum Nematoda?

most less than 5cm a few over 1 m

What do you never see a nematode with?

giant mouth

What does phylum Nematoda have to hang on to smooth intestines?

spines

What is phylum Nematoda thick, noncellular cuticle secreted by?

hypodermis

What does the cuticle in phylum nematoda protect the worm from?

drying out (desiccation)

What kind of muscles does phylum Nematoda have?

longitudinal

What does each muscle have in phylum Nematoda?

contractile fibrillar portion and a non contractile sarcoplasmic portion

What does each cell body in phylum Nematoda have?

muscle arm that extends to the ventral or dorsal nerve

What kind of coelom does phylum Nematoda have?

fluid filled pseudocoelom

How thick is the intestine in phylum Nematoda?

one cell layer thick

How does phylum Nematoda perform defecation?

poop gets sucked out

Phylum Nematoda is so parasitic that they lost the ability to do what?

breathe oxygenated air

What kind of metabolism does phylum Nematoda have?

anaerobic, no Krebs or cytochrome cycle

What does phylum Nematoda have around their pharynx?

ring of nerve tissue

What is clustered around phylum nematode's head?

sensory papillae

What are aphids in phylum Nematoda?

little pits of cilia, works like an eye

Phylum Nematoda reproduction

dioecious, males have a pair of copulatory spicules, internal fertilization, eggs stored in uterus until deposition

How many juvenile stages does phylum Nematoda have and what are they separated by?

four, by a cuticle molt

What phylum is ascaris lumbricoides in?

Nematoda

Why is ascaris often used in labs?

size and availability

What do ascaris eat?

highly parasitic on humans, some countries have a 25% infection rate

How many eggs does ascaris lay a day?

200,000

How do you get ascaris?

you get the eggs from eating raw vegetables or from putting unwashed hands in your mouth

What kind of parasite does rolke have and why does he keep them?

ascaris, says it cured his allergies

describe the ascaris life cycle

eggs go through intestine wall into your veins or lymph vessels then migrate to lungs through circulatory system, after that they break out of the lungs and crawl up trachea then swallowed

How long until the ascaris mature?

two months after hatching

What phylum are hookworms in?

Nematoda

Extreme cases of hookworms can cause what?

growth problems

What do hookworms do

chew through skin

life cycle of hookworms

eggs are in poop and they hatch in soil, live on bacteria and burrow into skin then go through lungs into digestive tract

Where is trichina found?

undercooked bear and hog meat

What encyst intracellularly?

trichina

How many infections does trichina have in a year in the us?

10-20

What happens after you get trichina?

get really sick but it's easy to treat

What are filarial worms?

cause elephantitis and river blindness

Where does filarial worms get their name from?

females release live young called microfilariae

What is filarial worm common name in the us?

dog heart worms, spread by mosquitos

What does the greek root nema mean?

form

What is another name for phylum Nematomorpha?

horsehair worms

Which phylum is a parasitoid?

phylum Nematomorpha

How many species are in phylum Nematomorpha?

320

When is phylum Nematomorpha parasitic in arthropods?

juveniles

What does the anterior and posterior end look like in phylum Nematomorpha?

anterior end rounded and posterior end rounded with two or three caudal lobes

What similarities does phylum Nematomorpha and phylum Nematoda share?

body structure and musculature

What organ systems does phylum Nematomorpha not have?

circulatory, respiratory, and excretory

What does phylum Nematomorpha have around their pharynx and what kind of nerve crd do the have?

nerve ring around pharynx and a mid ventral nerve cord

Phylum Nematomorpha reproduction

dioecious, gonads empty into cloaca through gonoduct, eggs discharged into water in long strings

What does greek root kinein mean?

to move

What does the greek root rhynchos mean?

beak

How many species are in phylum kinorhyncha?

180

Describe the head and trunk of phylum kinorhyncha

trunk has 11 segments and the head has scalids (spines)

What does scalids function as in phylum kinorhyncha?

spines that are used for locomotion, chemoreception, and mechanoreception

What is phylum kinorhyncha's body like?

chitinous cuticle, cellular epidermis, longitudinal epidermal cords

How does phylum kinorhyncha move?

they can't swim but they burrow in mud and anchor in with spines

What does phylum kinorhyncha eat?

diatoms or detritus

Describe phylum kinorhyncha coel

they have a a pseudocoel filled amebocytes and organs, little fluid space

What is the closest thing that phylum kinorhyncha has to an excretory system?

pair of multinucleate solenocyte protonephridum

What is phylum kinoryncha nervous system and brain like

their nervous system is in contact with epidermis and have a multi lobed brain

Phylum kinorynchas reproduction

sexs are separate, paired gonads and gonoducts, 6 juvenile stages and a non molting adult

How many juvenile stages does phylum kinoryncha have?

six

What does the greek root primps mean?

phallus

What is another name for phylum priapulida?

dick worms

Where does phylum priapulida live?

marine, cold water, in the sediment

What does phylum priapulida look like?

cylindrical bodies and up to 40cm in length

What do phylum priapulida eat?

soft bodied invertebrates

What does phylum priapulida body consist of?

introvert, trunk, and one or two caudal appendages

What does the introvert in phylum priapulida have?

papillae and curved spines around mouth

What are scalids?

curved spines

Is phylum priapulida trunk metameric?

no its divided into 30-100 rings, covered in tubercles and spines, sensory

What kind of cells occur in phylum priapuldia body cavity?

amebocytes that sometimes have hemerythrin

What is hemerythrin in phylum priapuldia?

respiratory pigment

Phylum priapuldia reproduction

separate sexes, external fertilization, only one genus has direct development, females brood embryos

What does the greek root lorica mean?

corset

What does the greek root phora mean?

bearing

When was phylum loriciferan discovered?

1983

How many species are in phylum loricifer?

less than 100

What is the tiny protective case that phylum loriciferan has called?

lorica

Where does phylum loriciferan live?

spaces among marine gravel

How many body regions does phylum loriciferan have?

5

What are phylum loriciferans body regions?

mouth cone, head or introvert, neck, thorax, abdomen

What is on phylum loriciferans introvert and what is it used for?

nine circlets of scalds and used for locomotion and sensory functions

Which phylum has a larvae called Higgins?

phylum loriciferan

What does phylum loricifera eat?

bacteria

What are phylum loriciferas reproduction organs?

dioecious, sexes dimorphic

When is phylum loricifera larval life cycle variable?

both benthic and pelagic

What does clade panarthropoda consist of?

arthropods, onychophora, and tardigrada

When does a hemocoel develop as a new cavity?

clade panarthropoda

What is clade panarthropoda coelom lined with?

ECM

What surrounds certain organs in clade panarthropoda?

pockets of true coelomic cavities

What does the greek root onyx mean?

claw