Comparision of Approaches

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Last updated 1:24 PM on 5/16/26
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25 Terms

1
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What is Determinism?

  • Behaviour is caused by factors outside conscious control.
  • Suggests behaviour is predictable and controlled by internal or external forces.
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What are the Types of Determinism?

  • Biological determinism.
  • Environmental determinism.
  • Psychic determinism.
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What is Biological Determinism?

  • Behaviour determined by genes, neurochemistry and biological processes.
  • Associated with the biological approach.
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What is Environmental Determinism?

  • Behaviour determined by environmental experiences and conditioning.
  • Associated with the behaviourist approach.
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What is Psychic Determinism?

  • Behaviour determined by unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
  • Associated with the psychodynamic approach.
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What is Free Will?

  • Ability to consciously choose behaviour and make decisions.
  • Strongly associated with the humanistic approach.
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What is Soft Determinism?

  • Behaviour influenced by internal or external factors but individuals still have some conscious control.
  • Associated with the cognitive approach and social learning theory.
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What is the Nature Side of the Nature vs Nurture Debate?

  • Behaviour influenced by genes, biology and inheritance.
  • Associated with the biological approach.
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What is the Nurture Side of the Nature vs Nurture Debate?

  • Behaviour influenced by learning, experience and the environment.
  • Associated with behaviourism and social learning theory.
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What is the Interactionist Approach?

  • Suggests behaviour results from interaction between nature and nurture.
  • Most modern psychologists accept this view.
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What is Reductionism?

  • Explaining behaviour using simple components or processes.
  • May oversimplify complex human behaviour.
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What are the Types of Reductionism?

  • Biological reductionism.
  • Machine reductionism.
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What is Biological Reductionism?

  • Explains behaviour through genes, neurochemistry and brain structures.
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What is Machine Reductionism?

  • Cognitive approach compares humans to computers and information processing systems.
  • May oversimplify emotional and motivational aspects of behaviour.
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What is Holism?

  • Behaviour should be understood as a whole experience rather than broken into parts.
  • Associated with the humanistic approach.
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What is the Nomothetic Approach?

  • Seeks general laws of behaviour.
  • Uses scientific methods and studies large groups.
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What are the Nomothetic Approaches?

  • Biological approach.
  • Behaviourist approach.
  • Cognitive approach.
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What is the Idiographic Approach?

  • Focuses on unique individual experiences and behaviour.
  • Often uses detailed case studies.
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What are the Idiographic Approaches?

  • Psychodynamic approach.
  • Humanistic approach.
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What are the More Scientific Approaches?

  • Biological approach.
  • Cognitive approach.
  • Behaviourist approach.
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What are the Less Scientific Approaches?

  • Psychodynamic approach.
  • Humanistic approach.
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Compare Humanistic and Behaviourist Approaches

  • Humanistic approach believes humans have free will and consciously choose behaviour.
  • Behaviourist approach believes behaviour is environmentally determined through conditioning.
  • Humanistic approach focuses on subjective experience and personal growth.
  • Behaviourism focuses only on observable behaviour and scientific objectivity.
  • Humanistic approach is holistic whereas behaviourism is reductionist.
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Compare Cognitive and Behaviourist Approaches

  • Cognitive approach studies internal mental processes such as memory and thinking.
  • Behaviourist approach only studies observable behaviour.
  • Cognitive approach accepts role of mediational processes between stimulus and response.
  • Behaviourism believes behaviour is learned directly through conditioning.
  • Both approaches use scientific and controlled research methods.
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Compare Biological and Learning Approaches

  • Biological approach explains behaviour through genes, brain structures and neurochemistry.
  • Learning approaches explain behaviour through environment and experience.
  • Biological approach supports nature side of debate whereas learning approaches support nurture.
  • Biological approach uses biological reductionism whereas learning approaches focus on conditioning and observation.
  • Both approaches are scientific and use controlled research methods.
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Compare Humanistic and Psychodynamic Approaches

  • Humanistic approach emphasises free will, conscious experience and personal growth.
  • Psychodynamic approach emphasises unconscious conflict and psychic determinism.
  • Humanistic psychology has a positive view of human nature.
  • Psychodynamic approach focuses on conflict, anxiety and childhood trauma.
  • Humanistic approach focuses on present and future growth whereas psychodynamic approach focuses heavily on childhood experiences.
  • Both approaches use less scientific and more subjective methods compared to biological or cognitive approaches.