basic life support exam

how long until no oxygen in brian leads to death?

10 minutes

4-6 minutes brain damage

what are some examples of bloodborne pathogens?

Hepatitis B and C (HBV / HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Tuberculosis (TB).

how long to wash hands?

20 secs

signs of life threatening situation

not breathing normally

bleed a lot

unresponsive or responsive but not fully awake

showing signs of serious medical injury like stroke, heart attack or severe allergic reaction

What does SAM stand for [use during interview]

Signs and Symptoms

Allergies

Medications and Medical Conditions

What are instances to give care before calling?

• choking

• person is unresponsive

• life threatening bleeding

• having severe allergic reaction : anaphylaxis and there is epinephrine

how much aspirin to offer for heart attack?

ask them to chew

2 to 4 81 milligram low dose aspirin

1, 325 milligram regular strength aspirin

signs of not normal or agonal breaths (40%)

gasping for air

irregular gasp

person body jerks

snoring noises

signs of cardiac arrest

• unresponsive

• not breathing or only gasping

Elements of good cpr

• rate of 100-120 compression per min

• compressing with depth at least 2 inches

• allowing the chest to return to normal position btwn each compression

• less than 10 sec interruption btwn compression

• give breaths at last abt 1 sec, and allow the chest to rise

• make sure to lock elbows

cpr cycle

30 chest compressions with 2 breaths

drowning

give 2 breaths before doing chest compressions

how to give breaths (can switch every 2 min)

use 2 finger to tilt head towards u

pinch their nose shut

watch the chest to see if it rises

if using pocket mask, seal the mask!

if chest doesnt rise prob choking

aed

for adults:

• anyone older than 8 or more than 55 pdds

place patches

• Place one pad on upper right side of the chest.

• Place one pad on lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit.

giving child cpr

• can just use one hand

• still 100-120 compression a min

• the depth is abt 2 inches not at least

BREATHS

• only slight past neutral position when tilting head back

• breathe less air into lungs

giving infant cpr

• use encircling thumb technique right belwo the nipple line

• depth of about 1 ½ inches

• can also just place one hand below nipple

• when using face shield, need to cover the mouth AND nose

• aed is in front of chest and one in the back of the chest

when does responders switch role?

• after pushing shock buttons

• or after AED says no shock is advised so after every 2 min

choking for adult

• 5 back blows

one arm diagonally across their chest and then bend them forward

with other hand hit the back of their chest btwn shoulder blades

• 5 abdominals thrusts

inward and upward, thumb side down

for child kneels beside them instead of standing

*give chest thrusts for those pregnant*

• make a fist with one hand

• place the thumb side of ur first on center of person chest

what to do for unresponsive choking adult or child?

give cpr

after giving 30 compressions check for object

onyl do finger sweep if see object

choking infant

• give back blows

turn infant to face down position, using thigh for support and use heel of hand to give back blow btwn shoulder baldes

• chest thrusts

place 2 fingers in center of infant chest under nipple line

abt 1 ½ deep

Sudden Illness’s Medications

Asthma -Quick relief inhaler

Anaphylaxis (allergic reaction) -Epinephrine

• can either be nasal spray or auto injector

• if after 5 min, sx doesnt include give 2nd dose

Diabetes -glucose tablets

• sx may be feel hungry, fizzy, appear drowsy

• give person 20 grams of sugar adult or 15 grams of sugar

example: 7 oz of orange juice, 14 oz of milk, candy with sucrose like 20 to 25 skittle, 10-20 jelly beans or 2 strips of fruit rolles

Heart Attack -aspirin

opioid overdose

the #1 sudden cause of accidental death, surpassing motor collisions

sx:

• will have blue or gray skin

• slow or irregular breathing

• unresponsiveness [administer “Naloxone” )

what are the sx of shock?

• rapid breathing

• cool clammy skin

• rapid heart rate

• nausea /vomiting

• change in responsiveness

“FAST” for stroke

• FACE - weakness or drooling in face

• ARM -one arm droops lower or is more weak

• SPEECH- slurred or trouble speaking

• TIME -time to call 911, know when it first started!

life threatening bleeding

• volume (how much)

half of a soda can [for adult]

• flow (how it moves)

flowing continuously or spurting

effective way to stop life threatening bleeding

apply firm, steady force onto wound

hemostatic dressing [preferred]

place 2nd dressing on top but never remove original dressing

if bandage available use it

torniquet best use for arm and leg [not use under child under 2] and apply 2-3 inches above it

What is the emergency action steps if the scene is safe?

CHECK [ask sam questions]

• signs and sx, allergies, medication/smedical conditions

CALL -911

CARE

Call 911 for Burns

• affect deeper layers of skin or fat or muscle

• covers more than 1 body part or large % of the body

• goals all the way around body part like limb/check/neck

• caused by haling gas or electricity, radiaiton or explosion

check for burn

• area appear red, brown, black or white

• swelling, blisters or both

• painful or painless if nerve damage occurs

caring for burn

• place burned are under cool, running water for 5-20 mins

• if burn covers large area, stay alert for signs of hypothermia esp if person is a child

• leave burn uncovered

for choking

give 5 back blows and abdominal thrusts, until she crys/responds or is unresponsive

and do finger sweep after 30 chest compression BUT before breaths

symptoms

Trouble breathing could be a sign of an asthma attack, anaphylaxis or acute chest syndrome. Clutching his chest may also indicate pain or tension in that area, as may occur with an asthma attack or acute chest syndrome. Th