Topic_8-Spinal_reflexes

Reflex

A fast, predictable, automatic response to changes in the environment that helps to maintain homeostasis.

Reflex Arc

The simplest type of pathway; consists of at least one synapse and includes components like receptors, sensory neurons, and effectors.

Monosynaptic Reflex Arc

A reflex arc that has only one synapse between the sensory neuron and motor neuron.

Polysynaptic Reflex Arc

A reflex arc that includes one or more interneurons and has two or more synapses.

Intrinsic Reflexes

Reflexes that are present at birth and help protect the body in demanding situations.

Acquired Reflexes

Reflexes developed through repetition and training.

Stretch Reflex

A monosynaptic reflex that causes contraction of a muscle in response to its stretching.

Patellar Reflex

An example of a stretch reflex where the stretching of the patellar tendon leads to contraction of the quadriceps muscle.

Golgi Tendon Organ

A receptor that measures tension in tendons and helps regulate muscle contraction.

Withdrawal Reflex

A reflex that causes the limb to withdraw from a painful stimulus, activating flexor muscles and inhibiting extensor muscles.

Abdominal Reflex

A reflex where stroking the skin causes contraction of abdominal muscles and movement of the umbilicus towards the stimulus.

Plantar Reflex

A reflex used to assess spinal cord integrity where stimulation of the foot causes downward flexion of the toes.

Ipsilateral Reflexes

Reflexes where sensory information and motor responses occur on the same side of the spinal cord.

Contralateral Reflexes

Reflexes where sensory information enters on one side and motor responses exit on the opposite side of the spinal cord.

Somatic Reflexes

Reflexes involving the activation of skeletal muscle, such as the patellar reflex.

Autonomic Reflexes

Reflexes that involve activation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glands.

Stretch Receptors

Sensory receptors that respond to the stretching of muscles.

Flexor Crossed-Extensor Reflex

A reflex that supports the body weight by activating the extensors of the opposite limb while flexing the injured limb.