Chapter 8 - Joints | BIOL 1161

1: Ligament

2: Joint Cavity (contains synovial fluid)

3: Articular cartilage (hyaline)

4: Fibrous layer

5: synovial membrane (secretes synovial fluid)

6: Periosteum

7: Articular capsule

What are the two types of joints?

Structural and functional

What are the 3 sub-types of structural joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

What are the 3 sub-types of functional joints?

Diarthroses, Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses

What are the 3 sub-types of fibrous joints?

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

What are the 2 sub-types of cartilaginous joints?

Synchondroses, symphyses

Describe Sutures

allow for growth of skull during youth; ossify during adulthood “synostoses”

Describe Syndesmoses

length varies, so mvmt does too; longer offers more, shorter offers less

Describe Gomphoses

Only teeth in alveolar sockets; periodontal ligament; peg-in-socket joints

Describe Synnchondroses

attach bone to hyaline cartilage; synarthrotic

Describe Symphyses

attach bone to fibrocartilage; amphiarthrotic

Describe Synovial joints

All diarthrotic; almost all limb joints; have bursae and tendon sheaths

Describe Synovial joints 6 features

1. Articular cartilage: prevent crushing end bones

2. Joint (synovial) cavity

3. Articular (joint) capsule

4. Synovial fluid: lubricates

5. Reinforcing ligaments

6. Nerves and BVs

What are the 3 types of Reinforcing ligaments?

▪Capsular: thickened part of fibrous layer

▪Extracapsular: outside the capsule

▪Intracapsular: deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane

What is the general structure of Synovial joints?

Fatty pads for cushioning and Menisci to improve fit of bone ends

What is a Bursa?

Fluid filled sac that decreases friction where a ligament would rub against a bone

What is a Tendon sheath?

elongated fluid filled sac that wraps around tendon to decrease friction

What is “gliding”?

flat surfaces of two bones slide across each other

What are the 6 types of angular movements?

Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Adduction, Abduction, Circumduction

What plane do Flexion and Extension occur in?

Sagittal

What are the 2 types of rotation movements?

Medial, Lateral