Chapter 2 Freshman Seminar

What is personality?

A set of behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that are unique to an individual.

What is a psychologist?

A person who studies how people think, feel, and behave.

What is modeling?

Learning how to behave by copying the behavior of others.

What is a peer group?

A group of people about the same age who share similar interests.

What is identity?

A sense of self.

What are the five major personality traits?

Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness to Experiences.

What is extroversion?

How much you like being with other people.

What are extroverts like?

Outgoing, talkative, and sociable.

What are introverts like?

Shy, quiet, and reserved.

What is agreeableness?

The tendency to relate to others in a friendly way.

What are agreeable people like?

Cooperative.

What is conscientiousness?

How responsible and self-disciplined you are.

What are conscientious people like?

Dependable and make good decisions.

What is emotional stability?

How calm and relaxed you are, even in stressful situations.

What is openness to experiences?

How much you embrace new experiences and ideas.

What two factors influence personality?

Heredity and environment.

What is heredity?

Genetic traits passed down from parents.

What is environment?

Family, friends, and culture that shape personality.

What happens if a child’s needs are met in early life?

They develop trust.

What is the main challenge of adolescence?

Searching for identity.

What is the focus of young adulthood?

Establishing intimacy.

What is the focus of middle adulthood?

Creating and nurturing.

What happens in older adulthood?

Looking back with acceptance.

What is self-esteem?

How much you respect and like yourself.

How does high self-esteem affect health?

It leads to positive health effects.

How does low self-esteem affect health?

It can lead to negative health outcomes and risky behaviors.

Name three traits of someone with high self-esteem.

Accepts themselves, realistic view of strengths/weaknesses, stays positive in failure.

Name three traits of someone with low self-esteem.

Harsh self-judgment, little self-respect, worries about others' opinions.

Name three ways to boost self-esteem.

Focus on strengths, set goals, maintain positive attitude.

What is self-actualization?

Achieving your full potential.

What must happen before self-actualization?

Basic needs must be met.

What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy (in order)?

Physiological Needs, Safety, Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.

Give two characteristics of self-actualized people.

Creative, independent, accepting, concerned about humanity.

What is an emotion?

A reaction to a situation involving the mind, body, and behavior.

What are the four primary emotions?

Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear.

What are three learned emotions?

Love, Guilt, Shame.

What is a coping strategy?

A method of dealing with uncomfortable feelings.

Name two helpful coping strategies.

Physical activity, talking to someone you trust.

Name two harmful coping strategies.

Using drugs/alcohol, withdrawing socially.

What is the first step in managing emotions?

Recognizing and naming the emotion.