unit 1 ap gov

Natural rights

People are born with rights that can’t be taken away

Popular sovereignty

The power to govern is in the hands of the people - if violates natural rights can overthrow government

Social contract

People give up some rights to be protected by government

Republicanism

People elect leaders to present their interest

What natural rights are seen in limited government

1- popular sovereignty

2- social contract

3- republicanism

What event showed the weakness of the article of confederation

Shey rebellion

Why was the article of confederation weak?

No central government and no taxation power, no president, no army

What was the goal of the constitution

1- protection the rights of people

2-3 branches of government

3- limits government power

What were the 4 compromises for the constitution

1- the great compromise

2- electoral college

3-3/5 compromise

4- banning of slave trade

Great compromise

Virginia plan : based on population

New Jersey plan: equal for each state

Solution: the House of Representatives and the senate of 2 votes each

Electoral college

Each states representative corresponds with the house of representatives population and the state can choose the representatives

3/5 compromise

- 3/5 of enslaved people counted

Ban of slavery

20 years after the creation of the constitution, slave trade will be banned

Article 5 of the constitution

• 2 stage process to change the constitution

Stage 1: propose

• 2/3 of the state or congress agree

stage 2: ratification

• ¾ of the states agree

Participatory democracy

Everyone can get involved

• town hall meetings

Pluralist democracy

Interest groups compete for influence

Nanpc

Elite democracy

A few people in power make decisions for everyone

Federalist 10 - pluralist democracy

• A large republic is good to control factions

• factions can’t be destroyed since it takes away liberty

• Faction: people have different options and one group can have the most influence( majority) and leave minority behind

• large republic, factions fight to compete

• double protection: separation of power and federalism

Brutus 1 - participatory democracy

Argued: the danger of central government and losing liberty

Feared: necessary and proper clause, supremacy clause

Country too big to be ruled by one government

Takes away power from people and states

Federalism

Power shared between federal government and states

Enumerated/ exclusive power

Power for the federal government stated in the constitution

Reserved power

Power for the states

Concurrent power

Power for states and federal government

Fiscal federalism

Shared by money

Categorical debt- type of fiscal federalism

Specific requirements must follow and only can use funding for specific projects

Block grants - type of fiscal federalism

Lose control on how to spend the government funding

Mandates

Rules to follow by the states

No funding mandates

Rules states must follow with no funding given

Dual federalism

Separation of states and government

Cooperative federalism

Federal government and states working together

Devolution

Giving powers back to states from federal government

Regulatory federalism

Federal government uses fundings to control state actions

Federalist 51

Wants Central government since people are evil and needs to be controlled

Separation of powers prevents the government from being too powerful

Mccolloch v Maryland

About: federal and state power

Reason : congress creating national bank and Maryland wants to tax it

Decision: Marian’s can’t tax central government and central bank can be created

Why:

necessary and proper clause - give implied power

Supremacy clause : federal comes before states

Impact : strengthens federal power

United States V Lopez

What happened : student in texes brought guns to school and federal government try to ban guns in school through commerce clause

Decision : commerce’s clause can’t be used since gun in school isn’t economic activity

Impact first major case that limited federal power

Commerce clause

Gives fed the power to regulate trade and business between states