Aging Exam 2

pain

100% subjective, amount of pressure a person can endure, part of touch sense

pain scale

1-10 or visual (smiley faces) used to measure perceieved pain

free nerve endings

located in joints, detect arthritis and osteoporosis

golgi tendon organs

located in tendons, detect bone/muscle injury

Muscle spindles

detect muscle pain or stretch

chronic pain

long term pain leading to frequent medication use

ibuprofen

avdvil, motrin, NSAID, reduced inflammation, damages kidney

acetaminophen

tylenol, pain reliever only, damages liver

aspirin

bayer, exerdrin, pain reliever, contains caffeeine, damages myelin sheaths

if you have hypertension avoid

ibuprofen, NSAIDs (kidney damage risk)

If you have Diabetes avoid

aspirin (nerve/myelin damage)

if you have alcohol use avoid

acetaminophen (liver damage)

diabetic foot risk

neurpathy, can't feel injruies, infection risk and risk of losing toes

nail care

keep toenails trimmed to prevent injury/bleeding

foot care specialist

Recommended for nail care and foot checks in 65+

foot care

nail care, foot care specialist, pedicure risk, proper footwear (replace every 3-6 months)

cognitive disorders

affect thinking, memory, and neurolgoical function

neurocognitive decline

aging causes breakdown in senses and self regulation

self regulation decline

affects heart rate, lungs, metabolism

social interaction benefit

imrpoves brain activity and reduced plaque buildup

causes of falls

loss of balance, joint pain, osteoporosis, obesity

increased weight

shifts balance and center of gravity causing a higher fall risk

"anti" medications

drugs that block or reduce body processes

hypertension meds

lower blood pressure

glycemic meds

control blood sugar

convulsion meds

treat neurological disorders

type 1 diabetes treatment

insulin

type 2 diabetes treatment

metformin (regulates blood sugar)

medication pathway

blood - liver (processing) - kidneys (filtering)

liver impact from medication

works harder to break down drugs

kidney impact from medication

filters drugs, risk of damage

drinking water with meds helps

prevent kidney stones, helps dissolve medication

polypharmacy

multiple meds, can cause constipation and digestive issues

alternative medicine

natural plant based treatments, homeopathic medicine, controlled movement, acupuncture, spiritual health

herbal medicine

natural plant based treatments

homeopathic medicine

focus on diet, massage, lifestyle instead of drugs

controlled movement

yoga, pilates, tai chi, imrpove circulation

acupuncture

needles increase blood flow for healing

spiritual health

prayer/supoort groups, linked to positive psychology

barries to learning and teaching older adults

independence, cognitive issues, hearing, vision, physical limits

biggest challenge for older adults

asking for help

3 step teaching method

show them how to use (knowing passwords, charing etc), have them do it or use it (do this until 100% success, make corrections), write it out, use colors to help with sight issues (re go through steps)

caregivers

someone who recognizes and helps manage aging issues and observe changes and report to medical team

primary caregivers

family (highers burnout risk)

secondary caregivers

Seniors can go to assisted living (nursing homes, facility) with 24/7 medical care around

third up caregivers

PT, OT, speech

leading causes of deaht 65+

Heart disease

Cancer

Stroke

Chronic lower respiratory disease (COPD)

Infleunzas and penumonia

Diabetees

Diet

Kidney disease

Accidents

Septicema

health promotion

lifestyle and behavior changes to imrpvoe health

key idea of health promotion

nothing happens unless the senior asks for help

startegies for health promotion

increase awareness, promote healthy behaviors, create supportive environments, prevention, early detection

objectives of health promotion

increase years of healthy life, maintian function, promote indepedence, improve quality of life, reduce early death

When we do exercise for seniors what to watch out for:

Monitor heart and breathing rate

Stop exercise if fatigue, chest pain or increased HR

Cool down

Monitor pulse rate

Poor nutriton can contribute to

Heart disease

Cancer

Diabetes depression

Anemia

Frailty

Obesity

Osteoporosis

Isolation

micronutrients

vitmains

water soluble

vitamins B, C

Fat soluble

vitamins A, D, E, K

minerals

calcum, potassium, phosphorus

trace

iron, copper, iodine, zinc

elderly lack

calcium and magnessium

barriers to good nutrition

Disability

Changes in appetite

Swallowing problems

Financial problems

Difficulty cooking

Difficulty shopping

Chewing problems

Dental problems

how to over come poor appetitie

eat with others, ask doctor if a medicine side affect could be causing problems , try different spices

how to overcome financial concers

coupons, food bank,. Share with someone. Low cost options

types of exercise

Isometric

Isotonic

Aerobic

Enduranc

felxibility/stretching

Balance

Motivation to exercise

seniros should be exercising

30 minutes at a time 2-4 times a week depending on a lot of factors

Age related changed modified by exercise

Blood pressure

Bone mass

Flexibility and balance

Muscle strength

Aerobic capacity and cardiovascular pulmonary functioning

Psychological benefits

metabolic functioning

healthy vs NOT

Need to explain why things aren't healthy rather than just telling them to eat healthy, Dark green leafy lettuce, oranges, fish (omegas) vs red meat, Fast food is cheap and fast! That's why they go, they may have time management issues

why are seniors low in magnesium and calcium

Not drinking milk or eating broccoli (expensive, goes bad quickly, gassy)

◦ Magnesium is in lots of fruits (tomatoes)

• Seniors are Lacking Vitamin D and

whya re seniors lacking vitamin D and potassium

Not eating high fiber foods

◦ Potassium in grapes, kiwi, papaya

• if mouth hurts, they will go to soup (high in sodium) leads to bad things

ideal meal day for seniors

6 meals a day! Based on 2 different categories, protein with a vegetable, then a dairy with a high fiber carb etc.

barriers to good nutriton

Disability

• Changes in appetite

• Nausea

• Medication side effects

• Dental problems

• Difficulty shopping

• Difficulty cooking

• Swallowing problems

• Poor vision

• Financial problems

• Depression or anxiety

• Social isolation

• Transportation problems

• Other medical conditions

how to overcome chewing problems

juices, canned fruits, creamed or mashed vegetables, eggs, cooked cereals

isometric

ontractions without movement (holding) diabetics, cancer patients, patients that have low vision

▪ NOT cardiovascular or incontinence because holding increases pressure!!

isotonic

Type 2 diabetes, GI problems, cardiovascular, osteoporosis

▪ 30 mins at a time, 2-4x per week (depends on lots of factors) moderate intensity

aerobic

water, for bad bones, need to lose weight etc.

◦ Endurance

◦ flexibility/stretching

◦ Balance

• Motivation to exercise → make it a social room