Physics Final

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy due to position. “Potential” means capable of being active.

Formula: PE=mgh

Unit: Joule

Elastic Potential Energy

The energy stored in a spring when work is done in compressing or stretching it

Formula: Ep=1/2kx²

Unit: Joule

Mass symbol and unit

m and kg

Acceleration due to gravity symbol and unit

g and m/s²

Height symbol and unit

h and m

Spring constant symbol and unit

k and N/m

Compression/Stretch distance symbol and unit

x and m

How does the spring constant relate to the stiffness of the spring?

The higher the spring constant the stiffer the spring

What is kinetic energy? Symbol and unit

Energy of motion. Moving objects can cause change.

KE

Joules

Velocity. Symbol and unit

The change of position in a duration of time

v

m/s

Fill in the blanks with potential energy (PE) or kinetic energy (KE)

1. A ball is thrown vertically upward into the air. As it rises, there is an increase in what type of energy? ____________________

2. In a waterfall, energy is converted from what to what? ________________________ to ________________________

1. Kinetic Energy

2. Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy

The kinetic energy of an object depends on what two variables

m(mass) and v(velocity)

The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on what three variables?

m(mass), g(gravity), h(height)

The elastic potential energy of an object depends on what two variables?

k(spring constant), x(compression of the spring)

As the velocity of an object is doubled, what happens to the kinetic energy?

It increases

As the height of an object is doubled, what happens to potential energy?

It doubles or increases

A big object and a small object move towards each other because of gravity. Which is bigger, the force on the smaller object or the force on the bigger object? Explain.

They’re the same because the mass of each object is multiplied together

What is the ULG equation?

F=G(m₁m₂/r²₎

Gravitational Force Variable and Unit

g and N/kg

Gravitational constant symbol and unit

G and Nm²/kg²

What is Kepler’s Third law?

The square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving

about the Sun (or other body) is equal to the cube of the ratio of their

average distances from the Sun.

What is Kepler’s Third Law also known as?

The Law of Harmonies

What equation is used for Kepler’s Third Law for objects that orbit our Sun?

T²=R³

Orbit Radius Symbol and Unit

R and m

Orbit Period Symbol and Unit

T and s

What is the equation of Kepler’s Third Law for planets that don’t orbit the sun?

T²/T²=R³/R³

Electric Field Strength Symbol and Unit

E and N/C

Charge Symbol and Unit

q’ and C

Electrostatic Force

F and N

What is the equation for Electric Field Strength?

E=F/q’

What three categories can objects fall under for their charges?

Positively charged, Negatively charged, and Neutral charge

What charges attract each other?

Positive and Negative charges

What charges repel each other?

Positive repels Positive and Negative repels Negative

What is the relationship between electrostatic force and charge?

If the Force increases, then charge increases

What if the relationship between electrostatic force and distance between the charges?

The Force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

If the Force is double then the distance is cut in half

Which force is greater, the electrostatic force or the gravitational force between two objects?

Electrostatic force

Voltage variable and unit

V and volts

Current variable and unit

I and Amps

Resistance variable and unit

R and Amps

What is Ohm’s law equation?

I=V/R

Define Wave

Traveling oscillator that carries energy from one place to another

What do waves transmit?

Energy

What travels faster, sound or light?

Light

What is the difference between a mechanical wave and a electromagnetic?

A mechanical wave is physical while an electromagnetic wave is not

Transverse wave definition

A wave in which the vibrational displacement occurs in a direction perpendicular to

the motion of the wave.

Longitudinal wave definition

A wave in which the vibrational displacement occurs in the same direction as the

motion of the wave. AKA: Compression wave.

Wavelength definition

Distance from crest to crest or trough to trough

Period definition

The time needed for a wave to make one cylce

Frequency definition

Number of cycles per second

Constructive Interference

When two waves traveling in the same medium meet and either their crest or troughs line up