Medical Vocab Exam

What is the meaning of the combining forms derm/o or dermat/o?

Skin

Break down the term dermatitis into its word parts.

Dermat- skin, itis- inflammation

What does the suffix -itis signify in medical terminology?

Inflammation

In the term epidermis, what does the prefix epi- mean?

Upon or on top of

Define the term subcutaneous using its word parts

Pertaining to under the skin

What is the term that means inflammation of the skin?

Dermatitis

What does the presence of cyanosis indicate regarding a patient’s skin color and oxygen levels?

A bluish color indicates low oxygen levels

How does the term melanoma relate to the substance melanin?

It refers to a tumor originating in the melanin producing cells

Which layer of the skin is directly affected by the eczema?

The epidermis

What is a common clinical treatment for acne vulgaris?

Topical or oral medication to unclog pores

What is the primary reason for prescribing antibiotics in cases of skin infections?

To eliminate the bacteria

How does burn classification influence medical treatment decisions?

It determines the depth of tissue damage and the necessary intensity

What is the meaning of the combining form oste/o?

Bone

Break down the medical term osteoporosis into word parts

Oste/o- bone, porosis- porous condition

What does the suffix -porosis indicate about a structure?

A porous condition or passage

What is the meaning of the combining form arthr/o?

Joint

Provide an example of a medical term that uses the combining form arthr/o

Arthritis

In the term hypercalcemia, what does the prefix hyper- mean?

Excessive or high

Which clinical condition is characterized by osteomyelitis?

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

In terms of clinical symptoms, how does arthritis differ from arthralgia?

Arthritis involves joint inflammation while arthralgia refers to joint pain

What posture abnormality is described by the term kyphosis?

An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine

What is the primary cause of osteoporosis

Loss of bone density and mass

What types of treatments are typically used to strengthen bones in patients with osteoporosis?

Calcium supplements, vitamin d, and weight-bearing exercises

How is a bone fracture typically treated?

A break in the bone treated by immobilization or surgical realignment

Why is calcium important for skeletal health?

It provides the structural strength and density required for bone density

What is the meaning of the combining form neur/o?

nerve

Break down the term neuropathy into its word parts?

Neur- nerve, and pathy- disease

What is the meaning of the suffix -pathy?

Disease

What does the combining form encephal/o?

Brain

Provide an example of a medical term that uses the combining form encephal/o?

Encephalitis

In the context of paralysis, what does para mean?

Beside, beyond or abnormal

Which clinical condition is described by the term encephalitis?

Inflammation of the brain

What is the fundamental difference between central and peripheral nervous system?

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nerves

What is the def of syncope?

Fainting or sudden loss of consciousness

Which body system is affected by Parkinson’s disease?

The nervous system

What are the treatments for epilepsy?

Anticonvulsant medications

What change occurs in the nervous system during multiple sclerosis?

The myelin sheath around nerves became damaged

Why are neurotransmitters important to the functioning of the nervous system?

They act as chemical messengers that transmit signals

What is the meaning of the combining form endocrin/o?

Endocrine

Break down the term hyperthyroidism?

Hyper- excessive, thyroid- gland, ism- condition

What does the prefix hypo- mean?

Deficient or below

What does the term glyc/o mean?

Sugar or glucose

Provide an example of a medical term that uses the combining form glyc/o

Hyperglycemia

What does the suffix -logy mean?

The study of

What is the role of hormones?

Regulating various processes through chemical signaling

What physiological state is described hypoglycemia?

Low blood sugar levels

How does insulin regulate blood sugar levels?

By facilitating the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells

What is the clinical definition of diabetes mellitus?

A disease where high blood sugar is prolonged over long periods of time

Which treatment is used to treat diabetes?

Insulin injections, oral medications, and diet management

What is a goiter and what gland does it affect?

An enlargement of the thyroid gland

What are the common medical treatments for hyperthyroidism?

Medications to slow the thyroid, iodine, or surgery

What is the meaning of cardi/o?

Heart

Break down the term hypertension into its parts

Hyper- excessive, tension- pressure

What does the suffix -emia mean?

A blood condition

What does the combining form angi/o mean?

Vessel

Provide an example of a medical term that uses angi/o

Angioplasty

What does the prefix tachy- mean?

Fast or rapid

What condition is described by the term tachycardia?

An abnormally fast heart rate

What is the primary functional difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood towards it

what does the term mean ischemia mean?

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body

What is the cause of atherosclerosis?

The buildups of fats, cholesterol, and plaque in the artery walls

What is the common name for a myocardial infarction?

A heart attack

What are the common pharmacological treatments for high blood pressure

Antihypertensive medications such as diuretics or beta-blockers

Why are lifestyle changes prioritized in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

It addresses modifiable risks such as diet, exercise, and smoking

How does knowledge of prefixes and suffixes assist in interpreting medical terms?

It allows a practitioner to deduce the meaning by breaking down the word into known components

Create a medical term using cardi/itis

Carditis- inflammation of the heart

Why is medical terminology essential for healthcare?

It ensures clear, precise communication and enhances patient safety

Provide an example of how a disease in the endocrine system can affect the cardiovascular system?

Chronic high blood sugar can damage blood vessels which increases heart disease

Break down osteoarthritis

Osteo- bone, arthr- joint, itis- inflammation

Hyperglycemia vs hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia- high blood sugar

Hypoglycemia- low blood sugar

How does medical terminology improve patient safety?

It reduces the likelihood of errors