Psychology 2e (OpenStax) Chapter 1 - Detailed Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering the historical timeline, major schools of thought, key contributors, and fundamental concepts from Chapter 1 of Psychology 2e (OpenStax).

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Four Goals of Psychology

1. Describe behavior, 2. Explain behavior, 3. Predict behavior, 4. Influence or control behavior.

Scientific Method

A process involving Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment/Test, Analyze Results, and Drawing Conclusions.

Structuralism

The study of the structure of consciousness using introspection.

Introspection

The process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings.

Functionalism

The study of how mental processes help people adapt.

Psychoanalysis

A psychological perspective that focuses on unconscious motivations.

Gestalt Psychology

A school of thought based on the idea that whole experiences are greater than individual parts.

Behaviorism

A psychological perspective that focuses on the study of observable behavior.

Humanism

A perspective that focuses on free will and personal growth.

Cognitive Psychology

The study of thinking, memory, and problem solving.

Wilhelm Wundt

The individual who opened the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in $1879$ and is associated with Structuralism.

William James

The developer of Functionalism in the $1890s$..

Sigmund Freud

The developer of Psychoanalytic Theory between the $1890s$ and $1930s$.

Ivan Pavlov

A contributor known for his work with classical conditioning.

B.F. Skinner

A contributor known for his work with operant conditioning.

Abraham Maslow

The creator of the Hierarchy of Needs.

Carl Rogers

The individual known for developing client-centered therapy.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A five-level model containing: 1. Physiological Needs, 2. Safety Needs, 3. Love and Belonging, 4. Esteem Needs, and 5. Self-Actualization.

Cognitive Revolution

A period beginning in the $1950s$-$1960s$ that marked a return to the study of mental processes.

Classical Conditioning

A form of learning that involves creating associations.

Operant Conditioning

A form of learning that involves consequences.

Self-Actualization

The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, referring to the realization of one's full potential.