RNSG-1301 E3 MOA + Drug Class with 100% accurate solutions + rationales 2026

What is the MOA and medication class for amoxicillin?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death.

Class: Broad-spectrum penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)

What is the MOA and medication class for penicillin G?

MOA: Disrupts bacterial cell wall formation by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes.

Class: Narrow-spectrum penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)

What is the MOA and medication class for cephalexin?

MOA: Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing weakening and rupture.

Class: First-generation cephalosporin

What is the MOA and medication class for ceftriaxone?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins.

Class: Third-generation cephalosporin

What is the MOA and medication class for tetracycline?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Class: Tetracycline antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for doxycycline?

MOA: Blocks bacterial protein synthesis by preventing attachment of tRNA to the 30S ribosome.

Class: Tetracycline antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for erythromycin?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Class: Macrolide antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for gentamicin?

MOA: Disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Class: Aminoglycoside antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for ciprofloxacin?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication.

Class: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis by blocking two sequential enzymatic steps.

Class: Sulfonamide combination antibiotic

What is the MOA and medication class for nitrofurantoin?

MOA: Damages bacterial DNA through enzymatic reduction, inhibiting growth.

Class: Urinary tract antiseptic

What is the MOA and medication class for phenazopyridine?

MOA: Provides local analgesic effect on the urinary tract mucosa (no antimicrobial action).

Class: Urinary tract analgesic

What is the MOA and medication class for isoniazid (INH)?

MOA: Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid, an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall.

Class: Antitubercular agent

What is the MOA and medication class for rifampin?

MOA: Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suppressing RNA synthesis.

Class: Antitubercular agent

What is the MOA and medication class for metronidazole?

MOA: Disrupts DNA structure and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in anaerobic organisms.

Class: Antiprotozoal and anaerobic antibacterial agent

What is the MOA and medication class for chloroquine?

MOA: Interferes with parasite's ability to metabolize and use hemoglobin, leading to toxic build-up.

Class: Antimalarial agent

What is the MOA and medication class for amphotericin B?

MOA: Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, creating pores that lead to cell death. Class: Polyene antifungal

What is the MOA and medication class for ketoconazole?

MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, compromising fungal cell membrane integrity.

Class: Azole antifungal

What is the MOA and medication class for nystatin?

MOA: Binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes, increasing membrane permeability and causing leakage.

Class: Polyene antifungal

What is the MOA and medication class for Acyclovir?

MOA: Inhibits viral DNA polymerase, preventing replication of viral DNA.

Class: Antiviral (anti-herpes agent)

What is the MOA and medication class for zidovudine?

MOA: Acts as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, blocking HIV replication.

Class: Antiretroviral (NRTI – nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

What is the MOA and medication class for alprazolam?

MOA: Enhances GABA activity at GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects.

Class: Benzodiazepine

What is the MOA and medication class for diazepam?

MOA: Potentiates GABA effects at GABA-A receptors, resulting in CNS depression.

Class: Benzodiazepine

What is the MOA and medication class for fluoxetine?

MOA: Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake, increasing serotonin availability in the synapse.

Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

What is the MOA and medication class for phenytoin?

MOA: Stabilizes neuronal membranes by delaying sodium channel recovery, limiting seizure activity.

Class: Anticonvulsant

What is the MOA and medication class for valproic acid?

MOA: Increases GABA levels and suppresses neuronal firing by affecting sodium and calcium channels.

Class: Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer

What is the MOA and medication class for carbamazepine?

MOA: Inhibits sodium channels, reducing synaptic transmission and neuron excitability.

Class: Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer

What is the MOA and medication class for lithium carbonate?

MOA: Alters sodium transport and influences reuptake of neurotransmitters, stabilizing mood.

Class: Mood stabilizer

What is the MOA and medication class for chlorpromazine?

MOA: Blocks dopamine receptors, and lowers NE, AcH, Histamines

Class: First-generation antipsychotic (typical)

What is the MOA and medication class for risperidone?

MOA: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors, improving mood and behavior.

Class: Second-generation antipsychotic (atypical)

What is the MOA and medication class for dextroamphetamine?

MOA: Increases release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the CNS, enhancing alertness and attention.

Class: CNS stimulant

What is the MOA and medication class for amphetamines?

MOA: Stimulate release and block reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the CNS.

Class: CNS stimulant

What is the MOA and medication class for methylphenidate?

MOA: Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, increasing their concentration in the brain.

Class: CNS stimulant

What is the MOA and medication class for levodopa/carbidopa?

MOA: Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain; carbidopa prevents peripheral breakdown of levodopa.

Class: Dopaminergic agent (Parkinson’s disease)

What is the MOA and medication class for donepezil?

MOA: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine availability in the brain.

Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor (Alzheimer’s disease)

What is the MOA and medication class for baclofen?

MOA: Activates GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord, reducing muscle spasticity.

Class: Centrally acting muscle relaxant

What is the MOA and medication class for dantrolene?

MOA: Acts directly on skeletal muscle to inhibit calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Class: Peripherally acting muscle relaxant

What is the MOA and medication class for methotrexate?

MOA: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.

Class: Antimetabolite (chemotherapy and immunosuppressant)