pdh t2 yr 10

risks of driving (6)

speeding, unfamiliar areas, distractions, damaged car, inexperience, weather

learner plate rules (6)

supervised by full license driver, complete 100 day hrs and 20 night hrs, max speed 90km/hr, speeding exceeds demerit point limit and will lose license for 3 months, must not use mobile phone, must clearly display L plate

process of getting license (7)

dkt, l plate, hpt, driving test, red ps, green ps, full license

how much of road fatalities are caused by speeding? (%)

40%

what prevents speeding from occurring (3)

speed cameras, double demerits, school zones

what influences distance a vehicle needs to stop after braking (2)

speed and weather

reaction time def

time between seeing a hazard and foot hitting the breaks

average reaction time

1-1.5 secs

braking distance def

starts after you hit the breaks and ends when the car fully stops

what influences braking distance (5)

speed, road conditions, tyres, breaks + vehicle weight

effect on braking distance when speed doubles

braking distance more than doubles

stopping distance formula

reacting distance + braking distance

stopping distance def

combination of thinking/reaction time and actual braking

driver factors that influence speeding + stopping distance (4)

attention, fatigue, experience, vision

vehicle factors that influence speeding + stopping distance (3)

condition, safety features, weight

environmental factors that influence speeding + stopping distance (3)

road surface, gradient, weather conditions

consequence of no seatbelts + how to prevent

serious injury or death, buckle up before driving

consequence of using phone + how to prevent

loss of concentration, put phone away or on silent

consequence of driving while tired + how to prevent

slows reaction time, get enough sleep

how alcohol impacts driving (4)

slows reaction time, depth perception changes, risky decisions, focus level

BAC limit for L and P plates

0%

BAC limit for full licesne

0.05%

factors influencing BAC (6)

gender, body size, amount consumed, time taken to consume, food in stomach, concentration of liver

why can mobile phones be detrimental when driving (4)

affects judgement and concentration, causes slower reaction time, not alert to surroundings, miss road signals

P platers phone laws (3)

cant use, only access to digital license after told by police, can use built-in gps

full license phone laws (2)

can use a mobile phone holder to make + receive calls, play audio, use gps. hands free - make + receive calls or play audio

when can you never use a phone when driving (6)

texting, social media, video calls, internet, emailing photography

when can you always use a phone when driving (2)

digital license to show police, digital wallet at a drive through

drugs

a medicine or other substance what has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced to the body

nsw policy for drug driving

0 tolerance

3 types of drugs

stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens

stimulant drugs

raises level of psychological or nervous activity in the body

depressant drugs

lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain

hallucinogen drugs

alter a person's awareness of their surroundings as well as their own thoughts and feelings

ecstasy risks

usually makes the user very energetic for a number of hours. the initial rush is often followed by the user feeling calm, loving, confident and alert

cannabis (weed) risks

depends on the type taken. can make the user feel relaxed, laugh, talkative or psychotic experiences

cocaine risks

confidence buzz for 30 minutes, leaving the user craving more. produce feelings of well-being, alertness, reduced appetite + physical strength

methamphetamines risks

increase confidence and risk-taking behaviour while impairing proper judgement. sleep loss associated with their use affects reaction time + focus

heroin risks

slows reaction time + distorts perception of distance + speed. greatly reduces concentration + coordination.

polydrug use def

mixing more than one drug at the same time

polydrug use risks

especially when alcohol is included, can greatly increase impairment and make driving even more dangerous than using a single drug

hallucinogens risk

reduce coordination and proper reaction to situations. tiredness following use can further impair reflexes and concentration

drugs affect of driving (6)

slower reaction time, poor focus, bad judgement, reduced coordination, vision problems, drowsiness or agitation

drug use when drivingsocial impacts (7)

increased accidents, emotional harm, financial costs, strain on services, legal consequences, loss of productivity, reduced community safety

random breath testing effectiveness

the single biggest factor in reducing road toll in NSW, accounting for 75% in its first 10 years

which police vehicles can conduct breath tests

every police car, including unmarked vehicles

what happens if a driver is over the limit in an rbt

they are charged according to their specific reading

what happens if a driver is under the limit in an rbt

they are released without charge

what are the consequences for refusing an rbt

are charged the same penalty of a high range reading - up to $1,100

what is mbt

a zero-tolerance, roadside-saliva based drug test that police can administer to any driver at any time. detects cannabis, speed, ice and cocaine

what penalties can a driver face for a positive mdt (3)

license suspension, fines over $1,100 and a court appearance

ottawa charter

most widely used health promotion framework and was developed after the World Health conference held an international conference on health promotion in 1986. It is the first of its type to consider all the determinants of health and not just see it as the absence of disease

5 action areas of ottawa charter

building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, reorienting health services, developing personal skills

building healthy public policy

protects individuals and communities by making it easier to make healthy choices. done through laws

building healthy public policy eg (3)

seatbelt laws, smoking restrictions, workplace safety

creating supportive environments

targets places where people live, work and play. aims to increase ability to make healthy choices in these settings

creating supportive environments eg (3)

healthy workspaces, restrict junk food ads, speed limit signs

Strengthening community action

collective actions of community to improve health

Strengthening community action eg (3)

fun runs, community kitchens, educational road rule events

Reorienting Health Services

makes traditionally medically-focused health systems change their focus to a more holistic approach by strengthening protective factors to improve health determinants and improve the needs of people and communities

Reorienting Health Services eg (3)

'stop smoking' programs, health educator roles, airbags

developing personal skills

supports personal + social development by providing information, education + life skills to promote positive health choices

developing personal skills eg (3)

online education, health classes, driving lessons

ottawa charter strategies (3)

advocate, mediate, enable

ottawa charter advocate

individual + social actions to obtain political commitment, policy, support + social systems

ottawa charter mediate

the process in which individuals + communities are reconciled in ways that protect + promote health

enable

health promotion activities are in partnership with individuals so they they're empowered to take actions to promote + protect their health

types of relationships (3)

platonic, romantic, intimate

types of intimacy (2)

emotional, physical

controlling behaviour in relationships (6)

constant criticism, possessiveness, isolation, lack of compromise, conditional love, dominane

FRIES

freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, specific

sexual consent def

A free, voluntary and informed agreement between people to participate in a sexual act.

what is necessary for consent (4)

everyone involved agrees, is enthusiastic, fully capable of making decisions and consistently checks in

legal age for consent

16

what age can never give consent

10

giving consent (4)

must be clear, voluntary, without pressure, and can be nonverbal

symptom

A physical or mental sign of a condition or disease

asymptomatic

Showing no symptoms of infection

transmission

The act of passing an infection from one person to another

how can STIs be spread (2)

fluids, skin-to-skin contact

how can STIs be spread through fluids (3)

semen, vaginal fluids, blood

what STIs are spread through skin-to-skin contact

herpes and genital warts

categories of STIs (3)

bacterial, viral, parasites

bacterial STI symptoms (3)

pain during urination, unusual discharge, pain in lower abdomen

bacterial STI treatment

With antibiotic medication

bacterial STI examples (2)

Chlamydia, syphilis

viral STI symptoms (2)

Blisters or sores in genitals or mouth, warts on genitals or surrounding area

viral STIs treatment

Antiviral Medication

viral STI examples (2)

HIV, HPV

parasite STI symptoms (2)

Itching or irritation in genitals, foul-smelling discharge

parasite STI treatment

Cream or other remedy

parasite STI example (1)

Pubic Lice

general STI symptoms (3)

Unusual bleeding, pain during sex, swelling or redness around genitals

who to go to for STIs (4)

GP, hospital, sexual health clinics, Home testing kits

how to prevent STIs (5)

condoms, regular testing, avoid sharing needles, vaccines, avoid alcohol/drugs before

how do condoms prevent STIs

Used during vaginal, anal or oral sex. Acts as a barrier between exchange of bodily fluids

how does regular testing prevent STIs

Helps people know their status to ensure early detection + treatment

how does avoiding sharing needles prevent STIs

prevents blood borne STIs such as HIV

STIs with vaccines (2)

HPV + Hep B

why shouldn’t you have alcohol/drugs before sex?

they distort inhibition and heighten risky decision making eg: unprotected sex