Comprehensive Human Body Systems and Functions: Biology Quizlet

What is the function of the nervous system?

Controls body, fast communication, responds to stimuli

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Hormones, long-term control, homeostasis

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, removes waste

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Oxygen in, CO₂ out

What is the function of the digestive system?

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

What is the function of the urinary system?

Removes waste, balances water and electrolytes

What is the function of the immune/lymphatic system?

Fights infection, protects body

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, blood cell production

What is the function of the muscular system?

Movement and heat

What is the function of the reproductive system?

Produces gametes and hormones

What is the difference between the thyroid and thymus?

Thyroid = metabolism; Thymus = immune development

What is the function of the pancreas?

Controls blood sugar

What is the function of the kidneys?

Filter blood, control fluids

What do muscles need?

Calcium

What do nerves need?

Sodium and potassium

What is iron used for?

Hemoglobin

What is an osteoblast?

Builds bone

What is an astrocyte?

Nervous system support cell

What is diffusion?

Movement from high to low concentration

What is osmosis?

Water movement

What is homeostasis?

Keeping body stable

Who controls blood sugar?

Pancreas

What are the four tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What type of tissue is a fibroblast?

Connective

What type of tissue are cardiac cells?

Muscle

What is angina?

Chest pain (heart problem)

What is diabetes?

Pancreas problem

What is emphysema?

Destroys alveoli

What is a hormone?

Travels in blood

What is a neurotransmitter?

Nerve signal chemical

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled cell growth

What is a stem cell?

Can become other cells

What is hematocrit?

Percentage of red blood cells

What is a synapse?

Gap between neurons

What is ATP?

Energy

What does the liver do?

Detoxifies blood + processes nutrients

What does the heart do?

Pumps blood

What do the lungs do?

Gas exchange

What does the spleen do?

Filters blood + immune functions

What are Sertoli cells?

Support sperm development (male reproductive system)

Why can lipids pass membranes?

Nonpolar

Why can’t water pass easily?

Polar

Example hormone?

Insulin

What does insulin do?

Lowers blood sugar

Example neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

What is hemostasis?

Stopping bleeding

What is an electrolyte?

Charged particle in fluids

What is a mineral?

Inorganic element

What is a vitamin?

Organic molecule needed in small amounts

What is a gene?

DNA segment

What is an allele?

Version of a gene