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astronomical unit (AU)
a unit of distance equal to the average distance between Earth and the sun, about 150 million kilometers
ellipse
an oval shape, which may be elongated or nearly circular; the shape of the planets’ orbit
dwaf planets
an object that orbits the sun and is spherical, but has not cleared the area of its orbit
comet
a loose collection of ice and dust that orbits the sun, typically in a long, narrow orbit
meteor
a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s atmosphere
meteoroid
a chunk of rock or dust in space, generally smaller than an asteroid
meteorite
a meteoroid that passes through eh atmosphere and hits Earth’s surface
nuclear fusion
The process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, forming a heavier element and releasing huge amounts of energy; the process by which energy is produced in stars
sunspot
a dark area of gas on the sun’s surface that is cooler than surrounding gases
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