PSY 446 Chapter 10

Depressive & Bipolar Disorders

Dysphoria

excessive unhappiness

Anhedonia

loss of interest in activities

Euphoria

high elation

Mania

expansive mood

Depression

a pervasive unhappy mood disorder

90%

How many children with depression show significant impairments in daily functions?

Suicide

What is a serious concern among teens?

Children under 7

At what age does depression to be diffuse and less easily identified?

Preschoolers

What age group show the following signs of depression: may appear extremely somber and tearful, lacking exuberance; may display excessive clinging and whiny behavior around mothers?

School-Aged Children

What age group show the following signs of depression: additional increasing irritability, disruptive behavior, and tantrums?

Preteens

What age group show the following signs of depression: additional self-blame, low self-esteem, persistent sadness, and social inhibition?

Depression (symptom)

feeling sad or miserable; occurs without existence of serious problem

Depression (syndrome)

a group of symptoms that occur together more often than by chance

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

associated with depressed mood, loss of interest, and other symptoms; and significant impairment in functioning

2 weeks

What is the minimum duration of symptoms for a MDD diagnosis?

Dythymic Disorder

depressed mood is generally less sever but with longer lasting symptoms and significant impairment in functioning

1 year or more

What is the duration of symptoms required for a dysthymic disorder diagnosis?

Irritable Mood

What feature is more common in children and adolescents than in adults with MDD?

2% and 18%

How many children 4-18 experience MDD?

1-2%

How many preschool and school-age children experience MDD?

90%

How many children with depression have one or more other disorders?

50%

How many children with depression have two or more other disorders?

Anxiety Disorders (GAD), specific phobias, and separation anxiety disorders

What are the most common comorbid disorders for depression?

60%

How many adolescents with MDD have comorbid personality disorders?

Borderline Personality Disorder

What is the most common comorbid personality disorder with MDD?

13-15 years

What is the typical age of onset for MDD?

Eight months

What is the average episode duration for MDD?

One-third

About how many children develop bipolar disorder within five years after onset of depression?

Puberty

When do you begin to see gender differences in depression?

Females

After puberty, what gender is two to three times more likely to suffer from depression?

Boys

What gender is depression linked to school stress more?

Persistent Depressive Disorder (P-DD)

characterized by symptoms of depressed mood that occur on most days, and persist for at least one year