Sociology of the family (final review)

Multigenerational punishment

Distinct form of legal violence, intended for specific population (undocumented immigrants) though spills over to untargeted groups (citizens/documented immigrants) and affect them negatively.

What is the 1.5 generation?

Undocumented youth and young adults who arrived before the age of 16 and are under the age of 35 years old.

Enriquez (2015) methods and results:

method: 32 interviews with undocumented 1.5 generation young adults, all had U.S. citizen children from infancy to age 15. All participants between the ages 21 and 34. All attended U.S. schools, some with and without high school

Gomez Cervantez and Menjivar (2020) Methods:

used two qualitative studies: one rural (Heartlandville, Kansas) to see how Latino immigrants integrate into mostly white rural town. Second study urban based in Kansas cities focus was to see how immigration status effects family life.

Participants: 40 Latino women, 15 rural and 25 urban, 18-50 years old, many undocumented, some had documents and others were citizens. Many worked in food processing, restaurants, cleaning, and childcare. Most had children and were in relationships.

Gomez Cervantez and Menjivar (2020) Findings:

The researchers found that Kansas state policies limit benefits and rights of undocumented immigrants including denying access to state IDs, or drivers licenses, employment benefits, and state-funded health insurance.

Since 2004, undocumented students have had access to in-state college tuition though the benefit is regularly threatened.

In 2007, 51% of non-labor or delivery requests were denied in Kansas. Eligibility is for pregnant women who can provides proof of state residency, income, and identity.

In 2014, 26% of Latinas/is in Kansas were uninsured compared to only 8% of whites and uninsured rates are highest among foreign-born Latinas/os.

Trends in exogamous marriage since Loving v. Virginia (1967):

Before 1967 exogamous marriages were rare and illegal due to anti-miscegenation laws (no blood mixing) and social stigma and legal punishment kept rates very low.

After 1967, the Supreme Court ruling made interracial marriages legal nationwide, which led to a gradual increase in interracial marriages.

Exogamous marriages increased gradually after legalizationand positive shift in attitudes towards interracial marriages. Younger generations were open to more exogamous relationships which accelerated the dating practice.

Legal violence:

What are the rights of Indigenous and undocumented groups in the