ANALAB RESPI

Oxygen and nitrogen

Most abundant element in air

Respiratory system

Supply body with oxygen

Disposal of carbon dioxide

Pulmonary ventilation

Air in and out the lungs

AKA breathing

Inspiration

Air enters the lungs

Inhalation

Expiration

Exhalation

Air exits the lungs

External respiration

Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

Oxygen

Loaded into blood

Diffuses from oxygen-rich alveoli

Carbon dioxide

Unloaded out the blood

Diffuses from blood of capillaries

Respiratory gas transport

Tranport of oxygen via blood

Internal respiration

Exchange of gas through systemic circulation

Cellular respiration

Glucose and oxygen to produce energy

Nonrespiratory air movement

Reflexes or voluntary actions

Cough and sneeze

Clear lung debris

Crying

Emotionally induced mechanism

Laughing

Similar to crying

Hiccup

Sudden inspiration

Yawn

Deep inspiration

Asphyxia

Body is deprived from adequate oxygen

Suffocation

Choking

Blockage of airway

Aspiration

Substances accidentally enters the airway and lungs

Heimlich maneuver

Emergency first aid procedure for choking

Nose

Visible part of respiratory system

Nostrils

Route of air entering the nose

Nasal cavity

Inferior nose

Nasal septum

Separates the nasal cavity

Olfactory receptors

Located in mucosa

Respiratory mucosa

Moistens air

Trap foreign particles

Conchae

Projection from Lateral walls

palate

separates nasal and oral cavity

Hard palate

Anterior

Supported by bone

soft palate

Posterior

Unsupported by bone

Paranasal sinuses

Lightens the skull

Chambers of speech

Produce mucus

Pharynx

Throat

Passageway from nasal cavity to larynx

Nasopharynx

Behind nose

Oropharynx

Middle region behind mouth

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Passageway of food

Laryngopharynx

Attached to larynx

Pharyngotympanic tubes

Drains middle ear

Equalize pressure

Protection from pathogens

Tonsil

Protects body from infection

Cluster of lymphatic tissue

Pharyngeal tonsil

Single tonsil located in nasopharynx

Palatine tonsil

End of soft palate

Lingual tonsil

Base of tongue

Larynx

Throat

Routes air and food to proper channel

Role in speech

8 rigid hyaline cartilages

Thyroid cartilage

Largest

Adams apple

Epiglottis

Routes food to esophagus

Flaps of elastic cartilage

Protection of openings

Vocal folds

Vibrates with expelled air

Allows speaking

Trachea

Windpipe

4 inch tube

Reinforced with c-rings hyaline cartilage

Ciliated mucosa

Main bronchi

Formed by division of trachea

Right bronchus

Wider

Lungs

Covers entire thoracic except mediastinum

Apex near clavicle

Base in diaphragm

Serosa

covers outer surface of lungs

Pulmonary pleura

Covers surface of lungs

Parietal pleura

Walls of thoracic

Pleural fluid

Fills area between layers

Allowing lungs to glide

Decreases friction when breathing

Pleural space

Potential space

Bronchial tree

Network of branching passageway

bronchioles

Small conducting passageway

Alveoli

Simple squamous composed cell

Alveolar pores

Neighboring air sacs

Pulmonary capillaries

ExternalSurface of alveoli

Alveolar macrophages

Dust cell

Protects by picking up bacteria

Surfactant

Lipid molecules

Coats gas exposed

Secreted by cuboidal surfactant

Apnea

No breathing

Dyspnea

Painful breathing

Eupnea

Normal breathing

14-20

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when lying down

Tachypnea

Fast breathing

Hyperventilation

Disease or stress

Rapidly breathing and lost of carbon dioxide

Hypoxemia

Low O2

Hypercapnia

High level of CO2 in blood

Oxyhemoglobin

Oxygen binds with hemoglobin

Phrenic nerve

Diaphragm irritation causing hiccups

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood

Medulla

Coughing center of brain

Nasal flaring

Expansion of nose

Vibrisae

Hair in nose

Goblet cells

Responsible for mucus production

Lobectomy

Removal of lobe

Atelectasis

Collapsed lobe in lungs

Pneumonia

Infection of alveoli