Exam 3 - N251 (Neisseriaceae)

Neisseriaceae

what is the gram strain morphology of Neisseriaceae?

gram negative, diplococci

are Neisseriaceae specie aerobic or anaerobic?

aerobic to facultative anaerobic

What term describes organisms requiring increasing of CO2?

Capnophilic

Is Neisseria oxidase positive or negative?

oxidase positive

is Neisseria catalase positive or negative?

catalase positive

are Neisseria specie motile?

no, its non-motile

what is the normal habitat of many Neisseria?

mucous membranes

what pigment may non-pathogenic Neisseria produce?

Yellow-Brown (Xanthophyll)

What selective medium is used for Neisseria?

Thayer Martin Agar

What is the modified version used clinically?

Modified Thayer Martin (MTM)

Why is MTM selective?

Contain antibiotics that inhibit normal flora

which pathogen is isolated on MTM?

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

what media can Neisseria grow on besides MTM?

blood agar & chocolate agar

Which medium is enriched for fastidious organism?

chocolate agar

why should Neisseria specimens not be refrigerated?

cold temperatures may kill fastidious Neisseria

what should happen immediately after specimen collection?

Inoculate media ASAP

what environmental condition should be maintained during transport?

increased CO2

what specimens may be collected for Neisseriaceae?

mouth, anus, vagina, cervix, urethra, eyes, urine, CSF, blood, sputum, synovial fluid

what sterile body fluid is commonly collected for meningitis diagnosis?

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Which joint specimen may be collected during disseminated infection?

synovial fluid

What rapid test used to differentiate Neisseria species?

Carbohydrate fermentation test

which four sugars are tested in Neisseria?

glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose

what indicator is used in fermentation medium?

phenol red

what indicates a positive fermentation reaction?

yellow

what color indicates a negative fermentation reaction

red

why does the medium turn yellow?

Acid production lowers pH

which sugar does N. gonorrhoeae ferments?

only glucose

fermentation pattern of N. gonorrhoeae?

glucose +, maltose -, lactose-, sucrose -

which sugar does N. meningiditis ferments?

glucose, maltose

fermentation pattern for N. menningiditis?

glucose +, maltose+, lactose-, sucrose-

which organism is nitrate positive and doesn’t ferment sugar?

Moraxella catarrhalis

what molecular test is widely used for Neisseria detection?

PCR

what does PCR detect?

bacterial DNA

what specimens can PCR perform on?

Urine, eye swab, urogenital swab.

what is accu-probe?

DNA probe test detecting bacterial nucleic acid

Approx. how long does accu-probe require to isolate?

1 hour

what does PCR stand for?

Polymerase Chain Reaction

what disease is caused by N. gonorrhoeae

gonorrhea

how is gonorrhea primarily transmitted

sexual contact

which age group has increased incidence

sexually active teens and young adults

what non-genital sites can become infected

phyrynx and eyes

what genital sites are infected when their is gonorrhea

cervix, urethra, anus

how many people estimated to be infected of a STI each year

110 million

what race suffers more from gonorrhea

black people

how can neonates acquire gonorrhea

during birth

incubation period in males for gonorrhea

1-7 days

most common symptoms of gonorrhea in men

purulent urethral discharge and painful urination (dysuria)

why is gram stains useful in males

no normal urethral flora

inside what cells are gonoccoci often found in gonorrehea

white blood cells

female symptoms for gonorrhea

vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, abnormal bleeding

why is gram stain less useful in females

presence of normal vaginal flora

preferred diagnostic test in females for gonorrhea

PCR

what type of Neisseria gonorrhoeae disseminated gonococcal infection resulting from the lack of treatment?

sequelae

what are some gonorrhea complications

PID, septicemia, prostatitis, urethritis, disseminated arthritis

what are some complications of PID

-Formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes

- Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)

- Infertility (inability to get pregnant);

-Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain

colony appearance on chocolate agar for gonorrhea

opaque, gray-white glistening colonies

does n. gonorrhoeae grow well on blood agar

no

oxydase result on n. gonorrhoeae

positive

catalase result on n. gonorrhoeae

positive

nitrate reduction on n. gonorrhoeae

negative

carbohydrate fermentation and nitrate test on n. gonorrhoeae

glucose + NO3 -

detects bacterial nucleic acid more rapid than cultures more sensitive and selective replaces culture for the most part

molecular detection

what antibiotic was historically effective for gonorrhea

penicillin

why are many strains resistant now

beta lactamase production

what does beta lactamase do

inactivates penicillin

current treatments for gonorrhea

Azithromycin and Tetracycline

characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis

colonies are rounded, convex glistening and blue-grey color

Neisseria meningitidis what oxygen requirement fufills

aerobic

Neisseria meningitidis motile or nonmotile

nonmotile

Neisseria meningitidis what does it oxidase and catalase

oxidase +, catalase +

Natural habitat of Neisseria meningitidis

oropharynx and nasopharynx

what is the percentage of carriers being asymptomatic

5 to 30%

why are rates higher during the winter of Neisseria meningitidis

individuals living in dormitory military or homeless shelters

how does the infection react for Neisseria meningitidis

epidemic outbreaks, invades the blood stream and CNS, progression of infection

Neisseria meningitidis final disseminated intravascular coagulation provoces clotting factors

waterhouse friderichsen sydrome

waterhouse friderichsen sydrome symptoms

bleeding in the adrenal glands causes rapid death

what kind of rash does Neisseria meningitidis

petechial rash/ purpura

treatment for Neisseria meningitidis

vaccines, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin rifampin

characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis

grey to white, smooth, opaque colonies, oxidase +, catalase + nitrate + DNase +

where does Moraxella catarrhalis grow well on

BAP and CHOC

infection from Moraxella catarrhalis

acute brochitis, pneumonia, maxillary sinusitis, miningitis, endocarditis

common specimen submitted for Moraxella catarrhalis

sputtum

treatment for Moraxella catarrhalis

penicillin and ampicillin resistant //// erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins