Psychopathology Disorders

anxiety disorder

an unrealistic, irrational fear or anxiety that is disabling and often includes maladaptive methods of response; the most prevalent of all psychological disorders for women and 2nd most common for men

separation anxiety

disorder in children where they feel intense and inappropriate anxiety for at least 4 weeks because of separation from home or caregivers; happens even if they see each other every day - every time the child is separated, they feel this

selective mutism

refusing to talk although they are capable; are silent in certain circumstances, e.g. the classroom

specific phobia

categories of specific phobias

social anxiety disorder

disabling, intense fear of social situations, ultimately because of fear of scrutiny and potential negative evaluations by others

panic disorder

occurrence of panic attacks on a recurrent basis or constant apprehension and worry about the possibility of attacks happening again; symptoms must last at LEAST a month

agoraphobia

anxiety trigged by the fear of anticipated exposure to situations in which someone would be unable to get help should they become incapacitated

anxiety sensitivity theory

panic disorder is partly caused by over-interpretation of cognitive and somatic manifestations of stress; once you start freaking out, you WILL freak out

obsessive compulsive disorders

obsessions or compulsions that are time consuming or that cause significant distress or impairment; you only need one: obsessions OR compulsions to be diagnosed with OCD

body dysmorphic disorder

being preoccupied with the idea that a part of their body is ugly or defective

hoarding disorder

anxiety from throwing things out

trichotillomania disorder

pulling hair soothes them, takes away their anxiety

excoriation disorder

picking at skin is soothing

reactive attachment disorder

person is unresponsive to people, apathetic and prefers to be alone rather than interact with friends and family; looks like autism but only has social aspect, no other symptoms; usually this person is happy to be alone

disinhibited social engagement disorder

children being too close with strangers due to factors that is not autism or being on the spectrum

acute stress disorder

having symptoms of PTSD up until 1 month

post-traumatic stress disorder

anxiety and fear because of a traumatic event; duration is more than 1 month

mood disorders

intense, persistent changes in mood that are maladaptive and can lead to serious problems

clinical depressive disorder

not getting enough mood-enhancing neurotransmitters or their production fluctuates

depressive disorder

individual experiences an unusually sad mood

major depressive disorder

intense but time-limited episodes of depressive symptoms; going on for more than 2 weeks

major depressive episodes

intense psychological and physical symptoms and overwhelming sadness; symptoms of depressive disorder but happening for less than 2 weeks

recurrent major depressive disorder

2 or more depressive episodes within at least 2 consecutive months; must experience dysphoria for nearly every day for at least 2 consecutive weeks

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

chronic but less severe mood disturbance; experiences a blue mood for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)

seasonal affective disorder

depression during the fall and winter but subsides during the spring; more common in women and in norther latitudes

unspecified mood disorder

has mood swings but does not meet diagnosis criteria for depressive or bipolar disorder

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

children who exhibit severe irritability and temper tantrums at least 3 times a week, for at least a year and in at least 2 settings; only in children 6-18 and onset must be before 10

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

depressed mood or changes in mood during premenstrual phase that subside after the menstrual period

bipolar disorder

mood disorder with euphoric episodes that alternate with major depressive episodes

Bipolar I

at least 1 euphoric episode or mixed features for at least 1 week

Bipolar II

at least 1 major depressive episode and at least 1 mixed episode with a clear-cut hypomanic episode

hypomanic episodes

milder euphoria but last at least 4 days; same symptoms as euphoria but less impairment

cyclothymic disorder

more chronic but less severe version of bipolar disorder; no extreme symptoms and psychotic features; must be going on for at least.1 year in children/adolescents and at least 2 years for adults

depressive disorder due to another medical condition

depressed mood probably related to the direct physiological effects of another medical condition

substance-induced mood disorder

change in the way someone acts, thinks or feels because of taking or stopping a drug

suicide

intent to die

self-harm without the presence of suicidality

self harming without the intent of ending their life

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

this treatment induces seizures in depressed patients who present serious suicidal risk

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

stimulate nerve cells in brain to improve symptoms of major depression

deep brain stimulation (DBS) (neuromodulation)

implant an electrode in the brain and stimulating that area with electric current

dissociative disorders

disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity or perceptions

dissociative identity disorder

person develops more than one personality; previously called multiple personality disorder (MPD)

dissociative amnesia

inability to remember personal details and experiences, probably because of trauma or stress

fugue state

traveling or wandering without knowing their identity or how they got there

depersonalization

feeling detached and separated from their own body

derealization

feeling detachment from their surroundings

somatic symptoms

symptoms involving physical problems and/or concerns about medical symptoms

somatic symptom disorder

disorder with actual physical symptoms that may or not be because of a medical condition; accompanied by maladaptive thoughts, feelings or behaviors; overreaction to any sensation; must feel bodily symptoms for at least 6 months

illness anxiety disorder

misrepresentation of normal bodily functions as signs of serious illness; does not involve actual physical symptoms; concerned about developing a severe medical condition

functional neurological symptoms disorder (conversion disorder)

stress and anxiety —> physical symptoms (neurological conversion)

fictitious disorder imposed on self

pretend to be sick for attention and sympathy from others

fictitious disorder imposed on another

pretend/make another person in their care sick for attention and sympathy, NOT for money

Type A

hostile, competitive

Type D

anxious, irritated, depressed

eating disorder

don’t want to eat because of weight concerns, not because of the food itself

feeding disorders

don’t want to eat because of the food itself; very very very picky

anorexia nervosa

not eating because of a fear of gaining weight; have a distorted view of their body

bulimia nervosa

alternations between binging and purging; worried about weight

binge-eating disorder

binge but do not purge

other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)

symptoms do not align with anorexia or bulimia, but they definitely have a problem with the way they see and treat food

night-eating disorder

binge in the middle of the night or after dinner

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

avoid eating because of concerns about the food itself; not concerned about weight, just don’t like a lot of food or believe it will do something bad to them

pica

eating dirt or feces; commonly associated with developmental disabilities like autism

rumination disorder

child throws up food then either spits it out or re-swallows it; associated with autism

elimination disorders

age-inappropriate incontinence beginning in childhood

enuresis

cannot hold pee at night or in general after the age of 5

encopresis

cannot hold poop; poops in clothes or other places at age 4 or older

insomnia

trouble falling asleep, staying asleep or getting good-quality sleep even with the right time and environment to do so

onset insomnia

trouble falling asleep

maintenance insomnia

trouble staying asleep

behavioral insomnia

kids having trouble falling and staying asleep

impulse-control disorders

repeatedly engage in harmful behaviors they feel like they cannot control

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior that results in family and school problems; ages 5-10

conduct disorder

cruelty to animals, violating the rights of others and societal norms and laws; onset after adolescence

antisocial disorder

see hurting other people as fun; violate the law and others’ rights and feel no guilt

intermittent explosive disorder

inability to hold back urges to express anger and associated violent behaviors; emotions bypass cortex and go straight to amygdala

kleptomania

urge to steal things they don’t want or need; anxiety builds up before stealing and is relieved after the thing is stolen

pyromania

urge to set things on fire without any motives for setting it on fire

unspecified disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder

person exhibits signs and symptoms of impulse control disorder but the impulse does not fall into any of the main categories

personality disorder

relating to other people, situations and events with a rigid and maladaptive pattern of behavior

paranoid personality disorder

pervasive suspiciousness and distrust of others; cannot trust anyone

schizoid personality disorder

inability or indifference to form social relationships as well as a very limited range of emotional experience and expression;