Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Hilus

depression where vessels and nerves enter an organ

Fibrous Capsule of Kidney

the surrounding protective layer of the kidney

Renal artery and vein

blood supply to and from the kidneys

Ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

the medulla of the kidney

inner portion of kidney, composed of collecting tubules that empty into the renal pelvis

renal columns

Inward extensions of the cortex tissue separating the renal pyramids.

Renal Pyramids

triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney

The renal papillae

These are the tips at the base of the renal pyramids which project into a minor calyx. These structures drain urine from the pyramids into the minor calyxes.

Major Calyx

The cavity formed by the convergence of several minor calyces, which drain urine from the minor calyxes into the renal pelvis

minor calyx

a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid

Renal pelvis

central collecting region in the kidney

Ureters

The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Urinary bladder

stores urine

Urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Nephron

functional unit of the kidney

glomerulus

A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.

Glomerular Capsule/Bowman's Capsule

Cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding glomerulus

Proximal Convoluting tubule

The first segment of the renal tubule where reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs.

F in diagram

Nephron Loop

second part of tubule that dips into the medulla; reabsorbs water and salt (sodium and chloride ions); aka, loop of Henle

distal convoluting tubule

The furtherest end of the tubule before the collecting duct

G in diagram

Collecting duct

A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to the bloodstream.

ovaries (right and left)

suprapubic

Uterine tubes (= oviduct, = Fallopian tube)

Tubes

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

3 parts of the fallopian tubes

ostium (uterine tubes)

Follicle opening.

Fimbriae of infundibulum

fingerlike structures

Round ligament of uterus

restricts posterior movement of uterus

Broad ligament of uterus

runs parallel to the uterine horns and holds uterus in place

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Ligament that contains ovarian vessels

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

Fundus of uterus

Most superior & widest portion of uterus

body of uterus

major portion of uterus

cervix of uterus

narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly

fornix vagina

The cranial portion of the vagina that forms a crypt extending cranially to the cervix.

Vaginal Rugae

ridges in vagina

(Lower portion in diagram)

Vaginal Orifice

opening of the vagina

hymen

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

tunica albuginea

fibrous capsule of the testes

Corpus luteum

Endocrine tissue which produces hormones, estrogen, and progesterone which prepares the uterine lining for receiving an embryo

corpus albicans

degenerated corpus luteum

Ova

egg

Vulva

external female genitalia

Labia majora

the larger outer folds of the vulva.

Labia minora

Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening

vestibule of vagina

structure located between the labia minora that houses the urethral orifice and the vaginal orifice

Prepuce

Vaginal hood over clitoris (foreskin in males)

Clitoris

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

Mons pubis

a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women

Glans (penis)

the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis

Shaft

Body of penis

Prepuce/foreskin

layer of skin that covers the glans penis in uncircumcised males

urethra meatus

external opening of the urethra

Corpus cavernosum

Pair of spongy tissue regions full of blood during erection

Corpus spongiosum

surrounds the urethra

Tunica dartos

the structure that separates the scrotum into two separate compartments internally

cremaster muscle

Muscle that pulls the scrotum closer to the body in cold temperatures and relaxes to let the testicles be farther away from the body in warmer weather

Spermatic cord

extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle

Prostate

a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid.

Bulburethral gland

one of a pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra

Seminal vesicles

two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move

Tunica vaginalis

outer layer derived from peritoneum

Tunica albuginea

white fibrous capsule on testes

Septa of testis

multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

seminiferous tubules

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.

Rete testis

network of tubules between the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis

Vas deferens

tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Epididymis

A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.

epididymis head

contains efferent ductules and is located on superior aspect of testis

epididymis body

From last efferent ductule to posterior margin of testis

epididymis tail

-Begins near inferior border of testis where number of coils decreases

-Re-curves and ascends to connection with ductus deferens

-Primary storage location of spermatozoa