Helminthology (Dr. Salcedo )

Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa

snail host of Fasciola gigantica in the Philippines

Eimeria stiedai;
Clonorchis sinensis
Thysanosoma actinoides.

parasites occur in the liver of their respective hosts

Metastrongylus spp.
Capillaria annulata
Amoebotaenia cuneata.

following helminths require earthworms as intermediate hosts

Strongyloides

helminth genus is characterized by having a parasitic and free-living generations; the former is parthenogenetic with filariform esophagus and the latter with rhabditiform esophagus:

Toxocara cati;
Strongyloides ransomi
Ancylostoma caninum

Transmammary infection

Dipetalonema reconditum

Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs, diagnosis is by finding its microfilaria during blood examination, but this microfilaria should be differentiated from that of this species which is also present in dogs

Ancylostoma duodenale;
Necator americanus;
Agriostomum vryburgi

hookworm species

Oxyspirura mansoni;
Philopthalmus spp.
Thelazia rhodesii

All of these are parasites of the eyes

Echinococcus spp.;
Mesocestoides lineatus;
Multiceps multiceps.

Pedogenesis also known as polyembryony refers to the production of several individuals from a single larval form and is exhibited by all trematodes. The species of tapeworms below also have this characteristic

Localized fibrosis.

Milk spots in the liver of pigs infected with Ascaris suum

Paragonimus westermani

occurs in pairs inside cysts in the lung parenchyma

Anoplocephala perfoliata;
Moniezia benedeni;
Cittotaenia pectinata.

Oribatid mites serve as intermediate host of the following

Capillaria annulata

nematodes has an indirect life cycle

Paranoplocephala mamillana-Choanotaenia infundibulum.

same mode of infection for the definitive vertebrate host

Enterobius vermicularis

Feeling of shame and inferiority is one of the symptoms observed in man infected with:

Fimbraria fasciolaris

Pseudoscolex is a feature

Echinostomatid

Flukes with head collar bearing spines

Ingestion of raw infected Ambassis commersoni or Hypseliotris bipartita.

mode of transmission of Capillaria philippinensis

Haemonchosis

Self-cure phenomenon in helminth infection is best exemplified in

Dictyocaulus viviparus

nematode species in which the fungus Pilobolus is important in the dissemination of its larvae in the pasture

Gongylonema pulchrum

pecies has numerous round or oval thickenings on its cuticle especially on the anterior region

Clonorchis sinensis and Diphyllobothrium latum

pair of species utilizes freshwater fish as second intermediate host

Ostertagia ostertagi

not zoonotic

Trichostrongylus axei;
Dicrocoelium dendriticum;
Dirofilaria immitis.

zoonotic

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause one of the following conditions in man:

Bursati.

The infective larvae of Habronema species can cause which one of the following conditions when they are deposited on existing wounds of animals especially horses

Fasciola gigantica

Which species does not require two intermediate hosts in its life cycle

Telamon.

not part of the female reproductive organ in flukes

Oxyspirura mansoni;
Philophthalmus;
Thelazia rhodesii.

eyeworms

Oxyuris equi

Infection with this parasite results in rat-tail appearance in the infected animal due to extreme irritation:

Syngamus trachea

gapeworm

Toxascaris leonina;
Toxocara canis;
Toxocara cati;

arrow-headed worms

Uncinaria stenocephala;
Necator americanus;
Bunostomum trigonocephalum

hookworms

Infective larvae;

Immunizing sheep over six months old produces protective immunity against Haemonchus contortus by vaccination with irradiated:

Spirocerca lupi

important factor in the development of esophageal sarcoma

Taenia saginata;

adult form of the following species of the family Taeniidae occurs in dogs

Stephanurus dentatus

helminth parasite with the longest prepatent perio

Coenurus

bladderworm of Taenia (Multiceps) multiceps

Anatrichosoma cutaneum

hairworm found in the subcutaneous tissues of monkeys and man

Capillaria obsignata

not transmitted by land mollusk

Furcocercous

Schistosome cercariae

Thelazia rhodesii;
Dirofilaria immitis;
Trichinella spiralis;

nematodes are viviparous

Notocotylus attenuatus;
Catatropis verrucosa
Postharmostomum gallinum

flukes occur in the ceca and rectum of birds

Onchocerca gutturosa.

nematodes occur in the aorta of their respective hosts

Excretory

function of solenocytes can be categorized

Parafilaria bovicola

Hemorrhagic nodules in the skin of buffaloes are caused by

Fasciola gigantica

ceca of the following flukes are simple

Dipetalonema spirocauda;
Dirofilaria immitis;
Bhalfilaria ladami.

organ location of these helminths is the heart and/or pulmonary artery in their respecitive hosts

Flukes

single egg may give rise to several larvae infective to the final host

Acanthocephalans & cestodes

Alimentary canal is absent

Tetrathyridium

Members of the family Taeniidae produce the following larvae

All have three lips;
Eggs are thick-shelled and unembryonated when laid;
Males are without copulatory bursa.

Toxocara canis, T. cati and T. vitulorum

Ascariosis

pig, the presence of milk spots in the liver is suggestive of

Anoplocephalidae

members of this family utilize oribatid mites as intermediate hosts:

Dictyocaulus filaria

All but one species can be easily identified by examining the appearance of the pharynx

Oval, smooth and thin-shelled and segmented when laid

set of description is true for strongyle eggs

Gongylonema ingluvicola;
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus;
. Amidostomum cygni

e nematodes occur in the crop of their respective hosts

Bertiella studeri.

occurs in the intestine of monkeys

Stilesia globipunctata.

occur in the liver of their respective host

Onchocerca volvulus

cause of river blindness in man, which utilizes Simulium spp. as intermediate host

Strongylus edentatus;
Ancylostoma caninum;
Mecistocirrus digitatus.

males of the following have copulatory bursa

Capillaria hepatic

dependent on predation or cannibalism or decomposition in the release of its egg in the environment

Stephanurus dentatus;
Strongyloides ransomi; (
Protostrongylus rufescens

Transplacental or prenatal transmission

Oviparous

Female Physaloptera praeputialis, Spirocerca lupi, Ascarops strongylina and Metastrongylus species are appropriately described

Mosquito

Heartworm is transmitted directly to the dog through bite of an infected

Heterakis gallinarum

important in the transmission of the causative agent of infectious enterohepatitis

Ancylostoma braziliense

Cutaneous larva migrans in man is mainly caused by

Dioctophyme renale
. Trichuris vulpis;
Oxyuris equi

Males of the following nematodes have only one spicule

Taenia solium;

tapeworm can cause neurocysticercosis in man

Schistosoma japonicum
Ascaris suum
Spirocerca lupi.

helminths are dioecious

Dung beetles

invertebrate serve as intermediate host of the thorny-headed worm of pigs:

Acanthocephala

eggs are spindle-shaped and resemble diatoms thus making them favorable food for crustaceans

Hystrichis tricolor
Dioctophyme renale;
Eustrongylides Papillosus

following require freeliving oligochaete annelids as intermediate host

Trichosomoides crassicauda

male of this species is degenerate and parasitic in the uterus of the female

Ostertagia ostertagi

Elevated level of plasma pepsinogen in cattle is indicative of infection with

Nematodirus battus

What trichostrongylid species whose egg does not hatch until infective larva (L3) has developed in the egg shell

Fasciolosis hepatica
Schistosomiasis japonica only

Pipe-stem liver is a condition associated with

Ostertagia ostertagi

Heavy infection with this species can cause hyperplasia of the affected mucosa giving a characteristic "morocco leather" appearance

Chabertia ovina

Teeth are wanting in

Nematodirus

Among the Trichostrngylidae, this genus is distinguishable from the rest because of the large size of its egg:

Filarioides osleri

nematode is unusual in that no period of development is required outside the host because the first stage larva released is immediately infective

Aelurostrongylus abstrussus

helminth infection in cats can produce spontaneous pulmonary arteriopathy with pulmonary arterial hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Homalogaster paloniae

A flattened amphistome with large ventral papillae and found in the large intestine of cattle is:

Albendazole;
Praziquantel,
Niclosamide,

anticestode and antitrematode

Oncosphere

embryonated egg, which is bilaterally symmetrical, spherical or oval with 3 pairs of hooks is called

Radially striated embryophore;
Larvated;
Spherical.

not a characteristic of a freshly voided taeniid egg

Dictyocaulus viviparus

viviparous

Strongylus vulgaris

large animals, infection with this species can be diagnosed by rectal palpation:

3rd larval stage, embryonated egg, unembryonated egg, 1st larval stage and 2nd larval stage

Generally in Trichostrongylids, the order of susceptibility from least to most to adverse conditions is:

Schistosoma japonicum;
Mammomonoganus laryngeus; Syngamus trachea.

Male and female of these helminths are permanently in copula

Sanguinicola inermis

parasite occurs in the circulatory system of cyprinid fishes:

Caryophyllaeus;
Trianophorus
Khawia

tapeworms affecting fishes

Prepatent period

From the time of infection to the time eggs or larvae appear in the feces/blood of the host is referred to as.

Monoecious

An organism with both the male and female reproductive organ in one individual is termed as

Ancylostoma braziliense

main cause of creeping eruption is man

Cats . Dogs Sheep.

Adult tapeworms can be found the in following

Hymenolepis (Vampirolepis) nana;
Capillaria philippinensis;
Strongyloides stercoralis.

Autoinfection is a characteristic feature of these parasites

Ancylostoma caninum
Toxacara canis;
Toxocara vitulorum;

following are transmitted via both the transplacental and transcolostral or mammary routes

Ancylostoma caninum;
Toxacara canis;
Toxocara vitulorum
(t. cati-only lactogenic)

transmitted via both the transplacental and transcolostral or mammary routes

Gnathostoma spinigerum;

Freshwater fish is the intermediate hosts of: