The 19th Century Philippine Economy, Society, and Chinese Mestizos

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the economic shifts, social stratification, and educational reforms in the 19th-century Philippines as detailed in the lecture transcript.

Jose De Basco y Vargas

The first governor-general appointed to the Philippines under the Bourbon regime, who assumed office in 1778.

Royal Philippine Company

A company established in 1785 aimed at financing agricultural ventures and overseeing new trade routes between the Philippines, Spain, Europe, and Asian markets.

1834

The year Manila was opened to world trade.

Mexican War of Independence

An 1810 event that rattled the Spanish empire and eventually led to the end of the Galleon Trade.

Narciso Claveria

The Governor-General who issued a decree in 1849 urging the adoption of surnames among the colony's inhabitants.

Catálogo de apellidos

A surname catalog created by the colonial government to assign surnames and prohibit arbitrary name changes.

Cedula personal

A mandatory personal identification card containing name and residence, used to enhance surveillance by the colonial administration.

Ilustrados

Members of the landed upper class who could afford to send their children to Europe for education and attained degrees on par with Spaniards.

Filibusteros

A term used by friars to describe rebels, which often included the ilustrados.

Ferdinand de Lesseps

The Frenchman who championed the opening of the Suez Canal.

Suez Canal

A global trade route opened on November 17, 1860, that significantly reduced travel times and fostered connectivity with the Philippines.

Peninsular

A pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain).

Insular

A pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Philippines.

Mestizo

A person born of mixed parentage, specifically Spanish-native or Chinese-native.

Principalia

Wealthy pure-blooded natives supposedly descended from the kadatoan (datu) class.

Indio

A pure-blooded native of the Philippines.

Chino Infiel

A non-Catholic pure-blooded Chinese individual.

Education Decree of 1863

A mandate that required free primary education in the Philippines.

Ateneo Municipal

An educational institution established during the 19th century, known today as Ateneo de Manila University.

University of Santo Tomas

Established on April 28, 1611, it is considered the first and oldest university in Asia.