HISTORY OF ARTS AND INTERIOR DESIGN (ARTS & CRAFTS TO DADAISM)

Arts and Crafts Movement

A movement that orginated in England in 1860 a s areaction against poor quality mass-prodcued goods, conceiving of craft and decoration as a single entity in the hand crafting of both utilitarian and decorative subjects. This was a new style for a new client: well-to-do middle class families stteped in the paintings of the Pre-Raphaelite

Rationalism

A design movement of the mid 19th century, that emphasized the deocrative use of materials and textures and the development of ornament as an integral part of a structure.

William Morris

The leader of the English Arts and Crafts movement who called for a fitness of purpose, truth to the nature of materials and methods of production, and individual expression by both designer and worker.

The Glasgow School of Art

By Charles Rennia Mackintosh, a towering rectangular block with almost no decoration, an austere statement and bold break away from the traditional methods or architectural adornment

The Red House

By Philip Webb, A deliberate attemp at expressing surface textures of ordinary materials, such as stone, and tiles with an asymmetrical and quiant building composition

Art Nouveau

A style of fine and applied arts characterized by fluid, undulating motifs often derived from natural forms

Style Guimard

Art Nouveau in France after Hector Guimard

Stile Floreale

Art Nouveau in Italy "floral style"

Stile Liberty

The Italian version of Art Nouveau, named after the firm of Liberty and Co. in London.

Modernismo

The Spanish version of Art Nouveau

Jugenstijl

Art Nouveau in German speaking countries "Youth Style"

Hotel Tassel

By Victor Horta, a refined play on the vegetable and flower forms

"The straight line belonsg to mad, the curve line to God"

Antoni Gaudi

Casa Mila

By Antoni Gaudi, an apartment block with undulating form and cast-iron balconies

The Sagrada Familia

By Antoni Gaudi, built since 1882 and supposed to be finished in 2026, the Barcelona basilica combined Gothic and Art Nouveau elements

Paris Metro Entrances

By Hector Guimard, design 141 models of the paris entrance to the Metropolitan, draw their inspiration from nature, here most notable in the plant stems that support the sign

Art Deco

A style of decorative art developed in the 1920s by geometric motifs, streamlined and curvilinear forms, sharply-defined outlines often bold colors, and the use of synthetic materials. Essentially an eclectic style, plundering a diversity of historic sources. Emphasized modernity, employing the latest industrial materials

"Exposition Internationale Des Artes Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes"

Chrysler Building

By William van Alen. The distincitive ornamentation of the building is based on features that were then being used on Chrysler automobiles. The corners of the 61st floorst are graced with eagles, on the 31st floors the corner ornamentation are replicas of 1929 Chrysler radiator caps.

The Empire State Building

By Shreve, Lamb and Harmon. The world's tallest building for 40 years after its completion in 1931

Expressionism

An opposition to academic standards and emphasized artists' subjective emotion which overrides fidelity to the actual appearance of things

Vincent Van Gogh

Greatest Dutch painter since the Baroque times, reflected a social consciousness reminiscent of Realism. Works: The Starry Starry Night, Sunflowers, Thoughts of Depression, Suicide

Edward Munch

Norwegian painter and printmaker, treatment of psychological and emotional themes was a major influencec on the development of German Expressionism. Works: The Scream, Puberty

Abstraction

A movement of conscious and methodological destruction. Artistic elimination of rational visual association

Wassily Kandinsky

Russian painter who was a pioneer of abstract art (1866-1944). Works: Kandinsky's Composition

Cubism

Reduction of image, basic geometric shapes

Georges Braque

French painter and leader of Cubism. Work: Piano and the Mandola, Violin and Candlestick

Pablo Picasso

The cubist artist. Spanish painter and sculptor, co-founder of Cubism. Works: Guernica, Demoiselle d'Avignon

Marcel Duchamp

More associated with Dadaism and Surrealism, first forayed in Cubism. Works: Nude Descending a Staircase

Analytic

Characterized by a pronounced use of geometric shapes and by a tendency toward a monochromatic use of color. Invented specific shapes and characteristic details that would represent the whole object or person.

Synthetic

Art is more colorful than the earlier analytic form. A wide variety of extraneous materials and is particularly associated with Picasso's novel technique of collage and Braque's papier colles

De Stijl

Founded in the Netherlands in 1917, marked especially by the use of black and white with primary colors, rectangular forms and assymetry. Founded by architect Gerrit Rietveld and artists, Theo Van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian

Piet Mondrian

The purest and most methodical of the early abstractionists. He simplified the elements of his artwork in an effort to reflect what he believed to be the order underlying the visible world. Limited his color paleltte to blacl, white and the three primary colors. Use asymmetrical balance and a simplified pictorial vocabulary were crucial in the development of modern art. Works: Composition in Yellow and Blue

Schroder House, Holland

By Gerrit Rietveld, the facades are a collage of planes and lines. Inside there is no static accumulatio of rooms but a dynamic changeable open zone

Modernism

Deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement from the past in the arts and literature

Bauhaus Design

School of design established in Weimar, Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius then moved to Dessau in 1926 and closed in 1933 as a result of the Nazi regime. Characterized chiefly by the synthesis of technology, craft and design aesthetics, with an emphasis on functional design in architecture and the applied arts. Shuns ornamentation, favor functionality, uses asymmetry and regularity

Walter Gropius

A German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright. Widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

German-American architect, principal exponent of the International style. Known as the pioneer for skycrapers, establushed a new architectural style that could represent modern times ust as Classical and Gothic with exteme clarity and simplicity. Works: Barcelona Pavillion, Seagram Building, Tugendhat House

"God is in the detail"

Ludgwig Mies van der Rohe

"Less is more"

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Marcel Breuer

The director of the cabinet making workshop at Bauhaus.

ABG Turbine Factory

By Peter Behrens, modern, large-scale industrial development

The Bauhaus Building

By Walter Gropius, the glass curtain wall suspended in fron to the load-bearing framework defines the exterior of the workshop wing and openly shows the constructive elements

Fagus Shoe Factory

By Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, primarily glazed facade would guide the course of Modernism, suggesting that improving working conditions through increased daylight fresh air and hygiene would lead to a greater satisfaction of workers

The German Pavillion

By Van Der Rohe, asymmetrical, single storey building divided by partition walls using marble, onyx and chrome

International Style

Minimalist in concept, devoid of regional characteristics, stresses functionalism and rejects all nonessential decorative elements, the horizontal aspects of a buuldin. Philip Johnson is credited as the pioneer of the style.Cantilever construction

Louis Sullivan

"Form follows Function" Father of Modernism, regarded as one of the most individual and innovative architects of the developing modern period. Work: Wainwright Building

Frank Lloyrd Wright

The most prolific and influential architects of the 20 the century, architecture was rich in emotion and sensitive to its surrounding. Organic architecutre, invented the open plan.

Prairie Style

A style of American domestic architecture that is characterized by a two storey height wings and/or porches of one story

Falling Water, Pennsylvania

Kauffman Residence designed by Frank Lloyrd Wright

Guggenheim Musuem, New York

Circular forms spiral down, created as a series of organic shapes by Frank Lloyd Wright

Johnson Wax Administration Building

Light shines into the building through several layers of glass tubes that cannot be seen through. By Frank Llloyd Wright

Le Corbusier

Charles Edouard Jeanneret, wrote Vers Une Architecture, described the house as "a machine for living in", invented the Pilotis - a column of iron, steel or recinforced concrete

Villa Savoy

By Le Corbusier, a weekend house known for allowing sunlight to pour into the main living quarters

Unite d'Habitation

A housing block described as a great concrete by Le Corbusier

Notre dame-du-Haut Ronchamp

A chapel wiith a structure that is made mostly of concrete, it is like a sail billowing in the windy currents on the hill top

UN Headquarter

By Wallace K Harrison

Seagram Building

BY Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson

Dadaism

"Hobby Horse" aimed at ridiculing and destroying the idea of art, break with outmoded ways to gain new freedom for the artist in his search for new meaning and fun

Marcel Duchamp

Works; Mona Lisa with a mustache

Surrealism

An artistic movement in hunt of sciene of expression of the subconscious. Begin after French poet Andre Breton after he published Manifesto de Surrealism. Like a dream like sequence

Salvador Dali

Works: Persistance of Memory and The Temptation St. Anthony

Frida Kahlo

Work: The Broken Column

George de Chirico

Work: The Mystery and Melancholy of the Street

Marc Chagall

Work: The Birthday

Abstract Expresionism

A movement typically applied paint rapidly and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to show feelinsg and emotions, applying paint with large brushes, sometimes dripping or even throwing it onto canvas.

Action Painting

A term coined by critic Harold Rosenberg to describe the work of certain memebers of the New York School

Hands Hoffman

Work: Pompeii

Mark Rothko

Work: Sienna, Orange and black on Dark Brown

Jackson Pollock

Work: Autumn Rhytmn and Lavender Mist