The Vascular System Part 1 - A
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66 Terms
The main function of the circulatory system is to:
Transport essential substances and remove wastes
3 multiple choice options
The circulatory system works together with the:
Heart and lymphatics
3 multiple choice options
The circulatory system transports waste products from cells to sites for:
Excretion
3 multiple choice options
Arteries are hollow elastic tubes that carry blood __________ from the heart.
away
3 multiple choice options
Veins are hollow collapsible vessels that carry blood __________ the heart and back from the tissues.
to
3 multiple choice options
The smallest branches of arteries are called:
Arterioles
3 multiple choice options
Arterioles lead into the:
Capillaries
3 multiple choice options
After blood passes through the capillaries, it is collected in small veins called:
Venules
3 multiple choice options
Venules unite to form larger vessels that return blood to the:
Heart
3 multiple choice options
Which vessel layer is closest to the flowing blood?
Tunica intima
3 multiple choice options
Which vessel layer is the muscular middle layer made of smooth muscle?
Tunica media
3 multiple choice options
Which vessel layer contains loose connective tissue with smooth muscle fibers and elastic tissue?
Tunica adventitia
3 multiple choice options
The middle layer (tunica media) is thicker in the:
Aorta compared to the vein
3 multiple choice options
__________ ________ are the small blood vessels that supply blood to the walls of larger blood vessels, such as arteries and veins.
Vasa vasorum
3 multiple choice options
Smaller arteries contain less __________ __________ and more __________ __________ than larger arteries.
less elastic tissue / more smooth muscle
3 multiple choice options
The elasticity of larger arteries is important for maintaining:
steady blood flow
3 multiple choice options
The pulsatile abdominal aorta will not __________ in diameter with changes in respiration.
change
3 multiple choice options
Veins are hollow collapsible tubes with less __________ than arteries.
tunica media
3 multiple choice options
Veins contain special __________ that prevent backflow of blood.
valves
3 multiple choice options
The inferior vena cava (IVC) should __________ slightly with suspended respiration.
dilate
3 multiple choice options
The largest artery in the body is the:
Aorta
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following lists the sections of the aorta in correct descending order?
Root of aorta → Ascending aorta and arch → Descending aorta → Abdominal aorta and branches → Bifurcation into iliac arteries
3 multiple choice options
The root of the aorta arises from the:
Left ventricle
3 multiple choice options
The aortic valve has how many semilunar cusps and what is their function?
3 cusps; prevent backflow of blood
2 multiple choice options
The coronary arteries arise from the:
Right and left cusps of the aortic root
3 multiple choice options
The ascending aorta is located:
Posterior to the main pulmonary artery
3 multiple choice options
The ascending aorta arches superiorly at the level of the:
Sternoclavicular junction
3 multiple choice options
The ascending aorta gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT:
Coronary arteries
3 multiple choice options
The descending aorta travels through the thoracic cavity in a __________ direction.
posterior
3 multiple choice options
The descending aorta transitions into the abdominal aorta at the level of:
T12
2 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta is located in the abdominal cavity and is __________.
retroperitoneal
3 multiple choice options
In the abdominal cavity, the aorta is located __________ (Right or Left) anterior to the spine.
Left
1 multiple choice option
The abdominal aorta is located posterior medial to the:
Crus of the diaphragm
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta primarily gives rise to:
Visceral arteries
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aortic bifurcation is usually located at:
L4
3 multiple choice options
Compared to the IVC bifurcation, the aortic bifurcation is usually:
More cephalic
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aortic bifurcation is located:
Left lateral to midline, anterior to vertebral bodies
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta is generally larger in:
Males than females
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta is largest in the:
Supraceliac region
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta tapers in which direction?
Inferiorly
3 multiple choice options
The size of the abdominal aorta can vary with:
Body mass index
3 multiple choice options
The abdominal aorta undergoes changes related to:
Age
3 multiple choice options
What are the normal abdominal aorta size ranges in men at the supraceliac, infrarenal, and distal levels?
Supraceliac 2.5-2.7 cm | Infrarenal 2.0-2.4 cm | Distal 1.1-1.5 cm
3 multiple choice options
What are the normal abdominal aorta size ranges in women at the supraceliac, infrarenal, and distal levels?
Supraceliac 2.1-2.3 cm | Infrarenal 1.7-2.2 cm | Distal 1.1-1.3 cm
3 multiple choice options
Arise from the lateral walls of the aorta to supply the undersurface of the diaphragm. Which artery is this?
Phrenic arteries
3 multiple choice options
This is the first anterior branch of the aorta, arising 1-2 cm inferior to the diaphragm. Which artery is this?
Celiac trunk
3 multiple choice options
This is the second anterior branch of the aorta, arising approximately 2 cm inferior to the celiac trunk. Which artery is this?
Superior mesenteric artery
3 multiple choice options
These are lateral branches of the aorta, arising just inferior to the superior mesenteric artery, at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebra. Which arteries are these?
Renal arteries
3 multiple choice options
This artery arises anteriorly near the aortic bifurcation and supplies visceral organs and mesentery. Which artery is this?
Inferior mesenteric artery
3 multiple choice options
What are the anterior branches of the abdominal aorta branch celiac axis/trunk?
Common hepatic artery, splenic artery, left gastric artery
3 multiple choice options
The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is a branch of the:
Common hepatic artery
3 multiple choice options
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) has five main branches that supply the bowel. Which of the following lists ALL of them correctly?
Inferior pancreatic artery, Duodenal artery, Colic artery, Ileocolic artery, Intestinal artery
3 multiple choice options
The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) gives rise to which three main branches?
Left colic artery, sigmoid artery, superior rectal artery
3 multiple choice options
The inferior mesenteric artery supplies which regions of the bowel?
Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
3 multiple choice options
Surgical intervention or trauma to the phrenic artery may cause:
Limited movement of the diaphragm
3 multiple choice options
The right renal artery is located __________ to the IVC.
posterior
3 multiple choice options
The left renal artery courses __________ to the aorta and __________ to the SMA before entering the kidney.
anterior / posterior
3 multiple choice options
In both kidneys, the renal artery typically enters the kidney __________ and __________ to the renal vein.
posterior / superior
3 multiple choice options
The RRA is posterior and _____ in relation to the RRV.
superior
3 multiple choice options
This artery arises inferior to the renal arteries and courses anterior to the psoas muscle to reach the gonads. Which artery is this?
Gonadal artery
3 multiple choice options
This pair of arteries arises from the abdominal aorta and bifurcates near the level of the umbilicus (around L4) into two major branches that further distribute blood to the pelvis and lower limb. Which arteries are being described?
Common iliac arteries
3 multiple choice options
This artery divides into branches that supply pelvic viscera, peritoneum, buttocks, and the sacral canal. Which artery is this?
Internal iliac artery
3 multiple choice options
This artery continues from the external iliac artery and becomes the main arterial supply to the thigh after passing under the inguinal ligament. Which artery is this?
Femoral artery
3 multiple choice options
This artery continues from the femoral artery and supplies the lower limb as it travels through the posterior knee region. Which artery is this?
Popliteal artery
3 multiple choice options
This artery is the continuation of the common iliac artery and travels along the pelvic brim, medial to the psoas major muscle, before passing under the inguinal ligament to become the femoral artery. Which artery is this?
External iliac artery
3 multiple choice options
What type of cyst forms behind the knee?
Baker's cyst
3 multiple choice options