CCAS chapter 8 quiz

Database

A collection of interrelated data and files.

Data Storage hierarchy

Consists of the levels of data stored in a computer database: bits, characters (bytes), fields, records, and tables (files).

Bit

The smallest unit of data the computer can store in a database—represented by $0$ for off or $1$ for on.

Character/Byte

A letter, number, or special character.

Field/Column

A unit or category of data consisting of one or more characters (bytes).

Record/Row

A collection of related fields.

File/Table

A collection of related records.

Key Field

A field in a record that holds unique data that identifies that record from all the other records in the table and in the database.

Database management system (DBMS)

Software written specifically to control the structure of a database and access to the data.

Database administrator (DBA)

The person who coordinates all related activities and needs for an organization’s database.

Relational database

Relates, or connects, data in different tables of rows and columns through the use of primary keys, or common data elements.

Data mining (DM)

The computer-assisted process of sifting through and analyzing vast amounts of data in order to extract hidden patterns and meaning to discover new knowledge.

Data warehouse

A special database of cleaned-up data and metadata.

Metadata

Data that describes other data.

Data cleansing

The process of cleaning databases of errors and checking for consistency of formats; also known as scrubbing.

Big data analytics

Applying the tools of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning, to vast new troves of data beyond that captured in standard databases.

Correct and verifiable information

Quality of information where details must be accurate and checkable.

Complete yet concise information

Quality of information where it includes only relevant data.

Cost-effective information

Quality of information where it is efficiently obtained and understandable.

Current information

Quality of information that is timely and time-sensitive, based on historical, present, or future needs.

Accessible information

Quality of information where it is quickly and easily obtainable.

Production (operations) department

The department that makes the product or provides the service.

Marketing and sales department

The department responsible for advertising, promotion, and sales.

Accounting and finance department

The department that handles all financial matters for the organization.

Human resources department

The personnel department that finds and hires people, administers sick leave/retirement, and manages compensation and employee relations.

Research and development (R&D) department

Conducts basic research relating to products and performs product development, testing, and modification.

Information systems (IS) department

Manages the organization’s computer-based systems and plans for the purchase of new ones.

Strategic-level management

Top managers concerned with long-range planning and decisions.

Tactical-level management

Middle-level managers who make tactical decisions to implement the strategic goals of the organization.

Operational-level management

Low-level or supervisory managers who make predictable decisions following well-defined sets of routine procedures.

Turing Test

A test intended to determine whether a computer possesses “intelligence” or “self-awareness”.

CAPTCHA

Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart