SLP LANG AQ. FINAL

A 3- to 4-year-old child uses more ____________________ responses that omit shared information.

elliptical

______ means that the narrative does not center on some immediate experience.

Decontextualization

In general, the language of preschoolers with poorer ______________ is more ambiguous or incomplete and poorly adapted to the listener’s previous knowledge and informational needs

Theory of Mind(TOM)

T/F: The manner of storytelling varies with culture.

True

______ is the insertion of a vowel between two consonants. Example: “tree” becomes “teree.”

epenthesis

A child who pronounces  mouse as /maut/ is demonstrating

stopping

Which of following is not a substitution process?

Reduplication 

Consonant clusters are mastered around age

6-7

T/F: Plosive and nasals first

true

In ________ a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.

Dynamic literacy

There is a threefold increase in the number of written _____ sentences between ages 8 and 13.

Passive

T/f: Scribbles and drawing with an occasional letter are some examples of preliterate attempts at spelling

True

T/f: Comprehension is breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

False

T/f: More than half of children with oral language impairments will later demonstrate written language impairments.

true

________________ is one of the primary ways by which adults increase their vocabulary and knowledge.

reading

T/f: The major shift in reading around 3rd grade is the transition from learning to read to reading to learn.

true

T/f: Self-appraisal and executive function are the two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading

true

When do individuals develop the cognitive processes and executive functions necessary for mature writing?

Late adulthood

Late adolescence

Early adulthood

Early adolescence

early adulthood

As adolescents, children with _________ tend to be less independent than typically developing peers.

Language impairments

A history of cross-language adoption

Nonstandard dialects

Bilingual parents

language impairments

Typical seniors tend to have some difficulty in ___________________.

Vocabulary size

Speed of word retrieval

Use of indefinite words

Defining words

speed of word retrieval

t/f: Professional jargon is the specific language skills or terminology related to holding a job as an adult.

true

t/f: In adolescence, most communication occurs in conversation.

true

t/f : Context and listener feedback are factors that determine whether adults use style shifting.

true

The ability to detect _________________________ improves with age and metalinguistic skill.

Grammatical errors

Dialectal variations

Communication breakdown

grammatical errors

Adult _____________________ seem(s) to improve steadily in terms of main themes and details.

narratives

t/f: Children, adults, and adolescents all use greater syntactic complexity when speaking in a conversation as opposed to speaking in an expository genre.

false

synonyms and antonyms differ by how many differences?

ONE

In general ____ information is sent to the right hemisphere, whereas ___ information is sent  to the left hemisphere

 Paralinguistic, Linguistic

The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerve

12 cranial; 31 spinal

Discrimination, especially for language decoding requires __ to hold a message during processing 

working memory

This area of the brain is essential in programming speech and is located in the left frontal lobe

Brocas

T/F: Neuroscience is the study of the neuroanatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of language

True

T/F: The Corpus callosum is an example of a transverse fiber tract 

True

Injury to _____ usually disrupts both expressive and receptive language abilities

Wernickes

The ____ is specialized for linguistic processing 

Left temporal lobe

T/F: In general linguistic information is sent to the right hemisphere, whereas paralinguistic information is sent to the left hemisphere

False

The __ hemisphere of the brain is key on comprehension and production of speech prosody and affect, the production of semantics, comprehension of environmental sounds, and the ability to understand jokes and irony

Right

T/F: In the speech characteristics of infants with deafness, they demonstrate smaller repertoire sounds, greater proportion of labial sounds, and prolonged consonants that are a variation of nasals and approximates, and some fricatives 

True

___ refers to the state of getting used to a stimulus 

habituation

The ___ period represents a time during which an infant's capabilities can be modified and perhaps enhanced. Later development does not seem able to overcome the detrimental effects of early deprivation or poor neural development.

sensitive

____ consists of long strips of unintelligible sounds with adult-like prosody

Jargon

An infants attention is most easily captured by ___

Moderate simulation

What is the difference between reduplicated babbling and variegated babbling?

Reduplicating babbling repeats syllables like CV-CV and variegated babbling repeats different syllables like CVC.

The ___  reflex is most interest for speech development

Suck swallow

T/F: Newborns demonstrate mostly automatic, involuntary motor patterns called reflexes that include twitches, jerks and random movements

True

T/F : Speech perception at 6 months is significantly correlated with later word understanding, word production and phrase understanding

True

T/F: The change from chewing in a vertical pattern to rotary pattern is due to changes in tongue control

True

The major characteristics of infant-directed speech are…

• Short utterance Length

• use of a small core vocabulary,

• simple syntax,

• paraphrasing/repetition

This presupposes that two or more individuals share a common focus on one entity 

Joint reference

During the second month, __ is stimulated by attention and speech 

cooing

The infant develops, there is a __ in the infants and caregivers behavior 

mutual modification

Characteristics of infant directed speech include 

• Short utterance length,

• simple syntax,

• small core vocab,

• heightened use of facial expressions/gestures

• frequent verbal rituals 

During the first month, an infant may use a __ when he/she recognizes someone 

Social Smile

Cultural and Social differences are not

Maladaptive

____ contain the initial elements of emerging conversation

Proto conversation

T/F : The humans voice and face is a new borns visual and auditory preference 

True

T/F: Infants typically imitate early words by 8-10 months

False

T/F: Taxonomic knowledge consists of categories and classes of words 

True

Features of child directed speech 

• more contextual support,

• Shorter/less complex utterances,

• more directives and questions,

• Limited/concrete vocabulary,

• lexical simplification,

• greater pitch range,

• more paraphrasing and repetition

T/F: The play of children beginning to combine words consists of combining two or more play sequences and/or performing the same action on a sequence of entities

True

____ is how preschoolers use what they know to figure out what they don't know

Bootstrapping

____ facilitate a child turn in a conversation by prompting a child's next response 

Turnabouts

T/F: Yes/No questions generally occur prior to wh- questions

true

In general a child understands that a word refers to 

the whole entity

T/F: When unaware of an entity label, a child uses selective imitation

False, they use interrogative utterance

____ are used when a child is seeking confirmation of word meaning 

 Hypothesis testing

In ___, a language feature is used where it is not required

 Overextension

___________ is a more mature version of a child’s utterance in which word order is preserved.

 Expansion

Intonational interrogatives such as “You going home?” correlate with gains in ___________. 

Syntactic complexity

Imitation of others is important for _________________________. 

Vocabulary growth

Order the following from earliest (1) to latest (3) by general age of acquisition in child language development for question form:

• Yes/No first, What and Where. When and Why 
  

1. Yes/No first

2. What and Where

3. When and Why 

T/F: Cognitive and language skills are associated. 

True

T/F:The play of children beginning to combine words consists of combining two or more play sequences and/or performing the same action on a sequence of entities. 

True

In ___________________, a language feature is used where it is not required

overextension

T/F: There is a positive relationship between the amount of verbal input from adults at 20 months and vocabulary size and average utterance length at 24 months.   

True

In ___________________________, a caregiver unconsciously modifies their own behaviors to require more child participation

 Child-directed speech

_________________________ and language develop interdependently and demonstrate underlying cognitive development. 

Play

Speakers use the ____________________ function to make demands and requests, to protest, and to direct others. 

Control

By age 2, a toddler has an expressive vocabulary of about ____________ words.  

150-300 

_____________________ occur(s) when a child attempts a polysyllabic word but is unable to produce one of the syllables correctly

Reduplication

_______________________, such as panting like a dog, appear at about the same time as first words and develop in parallel for several months.

Symbolic Gestures 

High _______________________ can result in more confusion and slower, less accurate recognition and production. 

Neighborhood density

Both the quality and quantity of parent-child interaction decrease with _____.

Background television

This function is used to discuss entities and events and to ask for information.

Representational

This function is used to make demands and requests, to protest, and to direct others

Control

This function is used to maintain communication by directing attention or by requesting additional or misinterpreted information.

Procedural

Which of the following phonemes would most likely be found in first words? 

/t, d/

Most of the kinship terms are understood by age 2 T/F

False

T/F: The manner of story telling varies with culture

True

When do children develop the ability to make well-informed specific requests for clarification?

Mid-elementary school

_____ are organized around a series of episodes linked to some person or theme

Topic associative narrative

T/F: Centering and chaining are two strategies children use when organizing narratives

True

Which temporal term is one of the first to develop

Before

_____ is one tactic used by preschoolers to remain on a topic

Repetition

What factors seem to predict later speech/language impairments among preschool children?

 Male gender, ongoing hearing problems, a more restrictive temperament heaps are sets of unrelated statements

a 3 to 4 year old child uses more ____ responses

elliptical

T/F: MLU is one of the quantitative values used by SLPs to describe the language development of children with potential language impairments.

True

Irregular forms may be more closely related to __ information.

Semantic

English-speaking children understand early that in noun phrases, ___. 

Adjectives precede nouns

A(n) __ is a group of words that functions as a single distinct syntactic unit that is less than a sentence and does not contain both a subject and a predicate.

Phrase