Canine

intact female

bitch

intact male

stud dog

delivery/birth

whelping

neonatal period

birth to 10

Altricial

born in an undeveloped state

infant period

11 days to 3 weeks

when do eyelids open

10-16days; Full sight by 4-8wks

when do ear canals open

12-14 days

when’s the 1st deworming

14 days

when do they walk & urinate/defecate spontaneously

14-21 days

deworming puppies

• some are born with worms

• Frequent deworming of puppies is often recommended

ex: @2,4,6, & 8 wks of age ± monthly until 6 months

socailzation period

3 to 12 wks

• expose puppies to all situations they are likely to encounter during life and begin vaccinations

When do baby’s teeth erupt

3 to 6 weeks

When do testes descend and start to socialize with other dogs

4 to 6 wks

Adult postures and movements

6 to 8 wks

when do they socialize with people (learning biting inhibition)

6 to 12wks

Basic training: sit, stay,down,come,crate train, leash walk, etc

House training- outside at the right times; same place; positive reinforcements

First vet visit vaccinations

6-8wks

• weaning(keep with litter until 8-10 wks is possible)

fear period

8-12wks

• occur during the socialization period

• traumatic experience my make a puppy fearful, anxious, or neurotic

Juvenile

4 month to puberty (6-14mos)

• Rapid physical development

• increase independence

• continued training

• Fear periods(lasting 3wks)

Adolescent

Puberty to social maturity

• degree of social maturity varies by breed

neuter

Castration (removal of testes)

spay

ovariohysterectomy (removal of ovaries and uterus)

Benifts of OHE

• no unplanned preganancies

• no estrus behavior

• decreased risk of uterine, ovarian dieases

• decrease risk of mammary tumor: intact females have 4x greater risk of benign and malignant tumors in dogs than spayed females

Risks of OHE

• surgical risk

• anesthetic risk

• urinary incontinence 3%

• weight gain

• permanent

Could neutering early cause increase risks?

Yes

Potential causes:

• joint disorders- hip & elbow dysplasia &/or cranial cruciate ligament tear

• Cancers- Lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, or osteosarcoma

Timing of spay and neuter

Theres not a one size fits all recommendation

Best time

• depends on a dogs behavioral tendencies (roaming, marking,aggresion)

• environmental factors (housing, fencing,space)

• job(working dog vs pet)

• legal requirements of a city/town

when does a bitch start puberty

@4-9 mos …2yrs

what type of breeders are they

non seasonally monoestrous

4 phase cycle

Proestrus (9days)→ estrus(9days)→ diestrus(2month)→ anestrues(3-5 mon) [<3mon=subfertile]

What is the time between estrus

4 to 13 months , Ave 7 months

Proestrus and hormone produced

• first day of spotting

• Female attracts male but resist breeding

• enlarged vulva

• blood tinged uterine discharge

Hormones

• estrogen- (produced by growing ovarian follicles)- is increased through proestrus and peaks just before the onset of standing heat

• Progesterone- is at basal levels

Estrus and hormones produced

• seeks male, flags tail, stands for mating

• pink stars color discharged

Hormones:

• Estrogen is dropping

• progesterone(P4) is rising

P4=1.5-2.5 ng/ml; LH surge

P4= 4-10ng/ml; Ovulation ( ovulation occurs 1-2 days after the LH surge)

Diestrus and hormone produced

• won’t stand for mating

• little to no discharge

Hormones:

• Estrogen is baseline

• Progesterone peaks at 15-80ng/ml at 15-30d of diestrus, the drops to <2ng/ml by the end of diestrus

• Prolactin causes mammary gland development

Anestrus and hormones produced

• lasts 3-5 months

• no behavior signs

Hormones:

• Estrogen fluctuates

• Progesterone is low

Gestation length

Around 2 months

• 65 +-1day from LH peak(P4=2ng/ml)

• 63 +-8days from breeding [ave 55 to 71]

Normal whelping stages

Stage 1: preparation(6-24h)

Stage 2: delivery of puppies

Stage 3: Delivery of placenta

Diagostic imaging

radiograph

ultrasonography

dystocia

Baby resuscitation

warmth+airway+breathing+circulation

neonate care