Saponin

• Glycyrrhiza

• Dioscorea

• Ginseng

• Asparagus

• Gotu Kola

Saponin consists of what glycosides

Higher plants

Saponin is widely distributed in?

Natural detergent

forms colloidal solutions that foam upon shaking

• Bitter, acrid taste

• sternutator

• irritating to mucous membrane

• hemolytic

• Toxic to cold-blooded animal (fish)

• Optically active

• Soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in organic solvent

Characteristics of Saponin

Sapogenins

Aglycone of saponin?

Sarsaponins

Steroid saponin:

Sapotoxin

highly toxic saponins

• Steroidal

• Triterpenoid

Classification of Saponin:

Glycyrrhizic acid

Glycyrhizin is

• Demulcent

• Expectorant

• Flavoring agent: mask taste of bitter drugs

• Beer: adds foaminess

Uses of Glycyrrhiza

Glycyrrhiza

• Increase foaminess of beer

• Added to chewing gums, chocolate candy, cigarettes, and smoking mixtures

Glycyrrhetic acid

• Anti-inflammatory

• Treatment for PUD and Addison’s disease

Glycyrrhizin

• Increase fluid and Na retention

• Promotes K depletion

Aromatic cascara sagrada fluid extract

Preparation of Glycyrrhiza in Pure licorice root extract - is the ingredient in?

Glycyrrhiza fluid extract

Pharmaceutic aid of Glycyrrhiza

Diosorea

Is the dried rhizome of several species of Dioscorea like Dioscorea spiculiflora and Dioscorea floribunda (Dioscoreaceae).

• Diosgenin

• Botogenin

Two aglycones of Diosorea

Ginseng

Consists of dried roots of Panax ginseng and other species like Panax japonicus, Panax pseudoginseng, Panax quinquefolius and Panax trifolius

• Ginsenoside

• Chikusetsusaponin

• Panaxoside

Chemical constituents of Ginseng:

• Adaptogen

• Carminative

• Demulcent

• Stimulatory and inhibitory effect on CNS

• Tonic

• Aphrodisiac

Uses of Ginseng:

Asparagus

The drug is derived from dried tuberous roots of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae)

• Antispasmodic

• aphrodisiacs

• demulcent

• diuretic

• galactogogue

• refrigerant

Asparagus uses:

Gotu Kola

Is the fresh or dried herb of Centella asiatica (L.) (syn. Hydrocotyl asiatica) (Umbelliferae)

• Asiaticosides

• Indocentelloside

• Brahmoside

• Brahminoside

• Thankuniside and isothankuniside

Active constituents/triterpene saponins/centelloids of Gotu Kola

• Tonic

• In disease of skin, nerves

• blood and also to improve memory

• Increase keratinization

Uses of Gotu Kola

various phases of connective tissue development, which are part of the healing process.

Primary mode of action of Gotu Kola

Irritating mucous membrane

What does sternutator mean

Steroidal Saponin

Neutral: closely related: cardiac glycosides

Cortisone

Steroidal saponin is the precursor of

Diosgenin

One important steroidal saponin is?

Sapogenin - Acidic type of your saponins

Triterpenoid is also known as your

Froth test

foam test is also known as

60-120 seconds

Foam test last for

Glycyrrhiza

Consist of the dried rrhizome and roots of Glycyrrhyza glabra

• Licorice

• Sweet liquorice

Glycyrrhiza is also know as your

Sweet root

Glycyrrhiza in Greek origin means?

• G. glabra var. typica

• G. glabra var. glandulifera

Two variation of glycyrrhiza glabra

Spanish licorice

G. glabra var. typica is your

Russian licorice

G. glabra var. glandulifera is your

smooth

glabra means

smooth pod-like ani na species

glabra refers to the?

50x as sweet as sugar

Glycyrrhizin is how many times sweetness?

Sweet taste

If glycyrrhizin is hydrolyze it loses its?

Glycyrrhetic acid + 2 glucoronic acid

Hydrolyzed Glycyrrhizin yields what?

• Aloe

• NH4Cl

• Quinine (gamit jud coz pait jud)

Glycyrrhiza masks taste of bitter drugs, which are

Addison’s disease

Chronic adrenocortical insufficiencies where your adrenal gland no longer produces hormones, its due to immune system attacking your adrenal gland

Glycyrrhetic acid (anti-inflammatory

Tx for Peptic ulcer disease and Addison’s disease is

Patients with Hypertension and Cardiac problems

Glycyrrhizin is contraindicated to

NH4OH + qs ad alcohol and water

Glycyrrhiza fluid extract needs to be rendered alkaline by the use of your

Yam

Diosorea is also know as

Dioscorea spiculiflora

Diosgenin is abundant in

Dioscorea floribunda

Best source of steroids

Diosgenin

obtained through the hydrolysis of your dioscin

Diosgenin

Major constituent found in your Dioscorea

Asian ginseng

Panax ginseng is also known as your

American ginseng

Panax quinquefolius is also known as your

help your body respond well with stress, anxiety and fatigue

Adaptogen means

Carminative

substance that relieves flatulence

Demulcent

substance that relieves irritation of your mucous membrane by forming a protective film

Tonic

Substance when taking gives a feeling of vigour and well being

Aphrodisiac

Substance that increases libido and sexual desire

Increases your breast milk production

What does galactogogue means

Asiaticosides

Known for stimulating collagen production; it is also used as wound healing, anti inflammatory, and anti oxidant

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