Physiology module 1 sync session B

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on transport mechanisms, osmosis, and osmolarity, aimed at helping students prepare for their exam.

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane due to a difference in solute concentration.

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion requires a protein channel to help substances that cannot directly cross the membrane, whereas simple diffusion does not require any assistance.

What does osmolarity measure?

Osmolarity measures the concentration of solute particles per liter of solution.

What is the effect of placing a cell in a hypotonic solution?

In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing the cell to swell and potentially burst.

What is a concentration gradient?

A concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

What is the role of ATP in active transport?

ATP provides the energy required to move substances against their concentration gradient during active transport.

What is the difference between concentration and osmolarity?

Concentration refers to the amount of solute per volume of solution, while osmolarity takes into account the number of particles the solute breaks into.

Why is it important to match the osmolarity of IV fluids to blood plasma?

To prevent cell damage, ensure proper fluid balance, and avoid complications such as hemolysis or crenation.