Rawhide Stockman Study Guide

Bovine

Having to do with cows

Caprine

Having to do with goats

Colostrum

Mother's first milks that contains antibodies

Cull

To reduce or control the size of a heard by removal of especially weaker animals

Dystocia

Difficult labor process

Equine

Having to do with horses

gestation period

Length of pregnancy

Grafting

The adoption of a baby animal onto a new mother

Immunity

State of resistance in an animal to a disease-producing agent

Monogastric

Animals (including humans) that have a simple stomach

Ovine

Having to do with sheep

Parturition

The act of giving birth (i.e. calving, lambing, farrowing, or foaling)

Porcine

Having to do with pigs/swine

Respiration

The act of breathing

Gestation length for horses

11 months +/- 1 month

Gestation length for cattle

9 months +/- 1 month

Gestation length for alpacas

11 & 1/2 months +/- 1 month

Gestation length for goats

5 months +/- 1 month

Gestation length for sheep

5 months +/- 1 month

Gestation length for swine

3 months 3 weeks 3 days +/- 1 week

Gestation length for rabbits

28 to 30 days +/- 1 week

Gestation length for poultry

~ 21 days

Bloating

Abnormal swelling or an increase in diameter of the abdominal area

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the eyelid lining

Dehydration

Lack of fluids

Mastitis

A bacterial infection of the udder of a lactating female, generally stopping milk production until the next lactation period

Scours

Severe diarrhea in farm animals

SID

Once per day

BID

Twice per day

TID

Three times per day

g

Every

QID

Four times per day

PO

By mouth

Sub Q

Under the skin

IV

Injected into the vain

IM

Injected into the muscle

⯅

Change

Goat breeds

Nubian, La Mancha, Pygmy, Boer

Nubian (Goat)

-Originated from England -Crossed English, British, and African goats -4-5% average butterfat content -Does well in hot climate

La Mancha (Goat)

-Originated from Oregon -They have Spanish blood ties -Dairy goats (milk is high in butter fat) -Known for their lack of external ears

Pygmy (Goat)

-Originated from Cameroon, Africa -Mainly an exotic animal -Small in size -Produces a large amount of milk, though not used for milking

Boer (Goat)

-Originated from South Africa -Meat goats -Commonly known to have white bodies and distinctive brown heads -Name is derived from the Dutch word "Boer" which means farmer

Sheep breeds

Hampshire, Suffolk, Romney, Merino

Hampshire (Sheep)

-Originated from England -Meat and fiber breed -Has black legs and heat with white tuff (patch of wool) in head -Noted for rapid growth

Suffolk (Sheep)

-Originated from England -Meat breed -Polled (born without the ability to grow horns) -Has black legs and face and white wool

Romney (Sheep)

-Originated from England -Hooves are resistant to foot rot -Fleece remains healthy in harsh weather -Dual purpose -All white

Merino (Sheep)

-Originated from Spain -Original purpose was for wool, but now starting to be used for meat as well -Rams can grow horns, but ewes are polled -White on faces, cream to dark brown body

Reasons we cull animals from a herd

-Improves herd -Decreases herd size -Optimizes production

Ways to graft a young animal

-Put skin of dead baby onto new baby -Mark baby with mother's or old baby's droppings

Four chambers of the Ruminant Stomach

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

1st Chamber: Rumen

Stores and breaks down food into liquid form

2nd Chamber: Reticulum

-Honeycomb surface -Where microbes, bacteria, and protozoa break down fiber (lignin)

3rd Chamber: Omasum

-Dehydration vat -Sucks out 60-70% of moisture

4th Chamber: Abomasum

-Known as the "true stomach" -Contains stomach acid -Kills bacteria and protozoa

Causes of dystocia during parturition

-Baby is in wrong position -Size of baby is too large -Age of mother -Twins (in horses) -Two babies coming out at the same time

Ways to give a shot

-IM: given in the muscle -IV: given in the vein -Subcutaneous (Sub Q): given under the skin