soc chapter 7-9

What is Social Control Theory influenced by?

It is influenced by Beccaria, a classical criminology theorist.

What do proponents of Social Control Theory assume about people's nature?

They assume that people are antisocial and would act deviant if they could.

What are the types of controls in Nye's Social Control Theory?

Internalized control, indirect control, direct control, and reasons to avoid deviant behaviors.

What does Hirschi's Social Bonding Theory propose about deviance?

It assumes that everyone is deviant and explains how social bonds encourage conformity.

How does Power and Control Theory explain gender imbalances in deviance?

It considers how the nature of power imbalances at home contributes to differences in deviance and crime.

What do Gottfredson and Hirschi believe influences behavior?

They believe behavior is influenced by maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, guided by the level of self-control.

How does Life Course Theory relate to social bonds?

It states that key transitions in life promote social bonds, such as career, marriage, and parenting.

What does Symbolic Interactionism focus on?

It focuses on micro-contexts and how people relate to one another, including the meanings given to interactions.

What is the Looking-glass Self concept?

It describes how our self-image is shaped by how others perceive and judge us.

What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Primary deviance is the initial act of deviance, while secondary deviance results from how one is labeled or treated.

What is the concept of deviant master status?

It refers to a label that defines someone’s identity in a way that shapes their perception and treatment by others.

What is Braithwaite's approach to labeling?

He advocates for reintegrative shaming, which focuses on detaching the act from the individual and promoting repair.

How do Marxist theories view deviance?

They focus on societal conflict, power differentials, and the impact of capitalism on behavior.

What does Bonger’s idea suggest about economic crime?

He suggests that economic crime is expected in a capitalistic system where business owners exploit workers.

What does the term 'false consciousness' refer to in Marxist theory?

It refers to the laborers’ unawareness of their exploitation.

What is the symbolic function of the law?

It sends a message about right and wrong behaviors.

What does Vold's group conflict theory assert?

It asserts that conflict is inevitable due to differences in power.

What role does Turk believe the law plays in society?

He believes the law is a resource that is difficult to control and is more likely enforced against less powerful groups.