GEN BIO 2 MIDTERMS ORGAN SYSTEMS

Integumentary System

Protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss; provides structure and support; includes skin, nails, and hair.

Muscular System

Moves limbs and trunk; provides structure and support; includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscular tissues.

Skeletal System

Protects and supports the body and organs; interacts with skeletal muscles; consists of bones and joints.

Digestive System

Extracts and absorbs nutrients from food, removes wastes, and maintains water and chemical balances; includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines.

Excretory System

Removes wastes from the blood and regulates the concentration of body fluid; includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Endocrine System

Regulates body temperature, metabolism, development, and reproduction; maintains homeostasis and regulates other organ systems; includes hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal body, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of balanced internal and external conditions within the body.

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle tissue found in the walls of the heart; responsible for pumping blood.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle tissue that is attached to bones and enables voluntary movement.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs; facilitates movement of substances within these organs.

Kidneys

Organs of the excretory system that filter waste from the blood and produce urine.

Esophagus

The tube that connects the throat to the stomach; part of the digestive system.

Pancreas

An organ that produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar levels.

Thyroid Gland

An endocrine gland that regulates metabolism through hormone production.

Urethra

The duct through which urine is discharged from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body.

Urinary Bladder

A muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted.

Hypothalamus

A brain region that controls the endocrine system and maintains homeostasis.

Liver

An organ that processes nutrients from the digestive system and detoxifies harmful substances.

Adrenal Glands

Glands that produce hormones like adrenaline, which help the body respond to stress.

Intestines

The digestive organs that absorb nutrients and water; includes the small and large intestines.