chapter 10 cardiovascular/ lymphatic systems

apex of heart

directed to inferior left side

endocardium

thin membrane that lines chambers and valves (1/3)

myocardium

thick muscle that makes heart wall (2/3)

epicardium

thin membrane that covers the heart (3/3)

pericardium

fibrous sac that contains heart and anchors

atrium

hearts upper receiving chambers

ventricles

lower pumping chambers

CABG

open heart surgery

pulmonary circuit

right side, deoxygenated goes to lung

systemic circuit

left side, pumps oxygenated blood to body

blood flow pulmonary

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lung

blood flow systemic

lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

AV

valve between atrium and ventricles

LEFT AV = tricuspid

RIGHT AV = mitral valve

Semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic

s1

1st heart sound, valves between chambers close (AV)

s2

aortic/ pulm valves close (Semilunular)

functional murmur

normal heart sounds

coronary circulation

provides blood for heart

systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

heart rate

contractions per min

pulse

pressure produced in vessels each time ventricles contract

EKG

QRS (depolarization ventricles)

P dep. atrial muscles

T = repolarization ventricles

SA (sinoatrial) nodes

upper right atrium = pacemaker

AV (atrioventricular) nodes

bottom right atrium

av bundle

of his, top of iv spectrum

bundle branches

travel along sides of septum

purkunje fibers

carry stimulation thru walls of ventricles

arteries

Away from heart, thick walled high bp

arterioles

vessels that lead into capillaries

capillaries

smallest vessels that do blood tissue exchange

venules

receive blood from capillaries and drains into veins

veins

blood to heart

blood pressure

force exerted by blood against wall of blood wells (vasoconstriction increases bp)

atherosclerosis

accumulation of plaque within lining of artery

ischemia

plaque hardens and restricts lumen (opening) and reduces blood flow to tissue

dyslipidemia

high levels of lipoproteins (LDLs)

arterioscleriosis

vessel walls harden

thrombosis

blood clot in vessel

clot

thrombus, can lead to necrosis if inturrupted blood flow to tissue

embolism

blockage of vessel

CVA

embolus from carotid artery (no blood to brain)

aneurysm

dilation of blood vessels, leads to rupture or hemorrhage

dissecting aneurysm

dilation of vessels where blood enters arterial wall and separates layers

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypertrophy

enlargement of left ventricle

diuretic

(helps w HTN) promotes salt and water loss thru kidneys

CAD coronary artery disease

atherosclerosis in coronary vessels

angina pectoris

chest pain

dyspnea

trouble breathing

CRP c reactive protein

poor cardiovascular health

angioplasty/ PCTA (percutaneous traslumen)

surgical dilation w balloon cath

stent

small mesh. tube

MI

Myocardial Infarction heart attack

infarct

necrosis bc blockage of artery that supplies area

creatine kinase MB

cardiac muscle enzymes

troponin

regulates contractions

Shocks

cardiogenic, hypovelmic (loss of blood), septic, anaphylatic

arrhythmia

irregular heart beat

bradycardia

slow heart beat

tachycardia

fast heart rate

heart block

damage in electrical conduction of heat

fibrillation

rapid ineffective heartbeat

cardioversion

restoration of normal heat rhythm

ablation

destroy the part with arrythymia

patent ductus arterious

open between aorta and pulmonary artery

phleb/o

vein

angi/o

vessel

thoracic duct

left lymphatic duct, lower half of body

return filtered lymph fluid to the bloodstream

right lymphatic duct

right side

return filtered lymph fluid to the bloodstream

protective organs

tonsils, thymus, spleen, appendix, peyer pouches (lining of intestine)

ectasia

dialation

lymphadenitis

inflammation of nodes

lymphangitis

imflammation of vessels