saiyans

Lungs

provides a thin, moist internal surface for the exchange of gases.  

Oxygen

is required for cellular respiration

Carbon Dioxide

a waste gas that needs to be removed from the body.

Human Respiratory System

The system in the human body responsible for the exchange of gases, consisting of organs such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

External Respiration

The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.

Internal Respiration

The exchange of gases at the cellular level, where oxygen is delivered to cells and carbon dioxide is removed.

Mucus

Traps dirt and moistens air

Large number of capillaries near the surface of the nostrils

Warms the air as it enters through the body

Nostril hairs

Traps dirt and foreign particles when air enters through the nose

Nose

The entry point for air into the body contains nostrils that have hairs that trap dirt and foreign particles and are lined with mucus to moisten the air.

Pharynx

Also known as the throat, it is the passage through which air enters from the nasal cavity and then passes into the larynx.

Larynx

Also known as the voice box, it is composed of cartilage and contains vocal cords that vibrate to create sound.

Bronchi

Two cartilage-ringed tubes that branch off the trachea and lead to the lungs, lined with cilia and serving as an entrance to the lungs.

Bronchioles

Smaller, thinner branches that divide from the bronchi, with less cartilage and leading to the alveoli.

Alveoli

Tiny air chambers at the end of the bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Walls are 1 cell thick and moist from mucus

Breathing

The physical process by which air is moved into and out of the lungs, involving inhalation and exhalation.

Inhalation

The active phase of breathing

When Inhaling, the ribs are ______, the diaphragm is _____, causing the chest cavity to _______ and air to be drawn into the lungs.

The ribs are pulled up and out and the diaphragm is pulled downward, causing the chest cavity to expand and air to be drawn into the lungs.

Exhalation

Passive phase of breathing

When Exhaling, the diaphragm ______, the rib muscles ______ and causes the ribs to _______. The chest cavity becomes ______ and ______ the pressure inside; this will force air out of the lungs and into the environment.

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Rib muscles relax causing the ribs to drop.  The chest cavity becomes smaller which increases the pressure inside; this will force air out of the lungs and into the environment

Emphysema

Caused by smoking. Particles from cigarette smoke accumulate on the alveoli walls causing inelastic scar tissue to form. This decreases the working area of the respiratory surface. Lungs lose their elasticity. Characterized by shortness of breath, difficulty exhaling, and decreased lung capacity.

Lung Cancer

Disease in which tumors (masses of tissue) form in the lungs as a result of irregular and uncontrolled cell growth. Linked to smoking.

Asthma

Severe allergic reaction in which the contraction of the bronchioles makes breathing difficult.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. Passageways to alveoli become swollen and clogged with mucus. Marked by severe coughing and difficulty breathing.

Pneumonia

Alveoli become filled with fluid preventing the exchange of gases in the lungs.