Top 300 Drugs – Selected Agents Vocabulary Review

A concise set of vocabulary flashcards covering the drug name (generic with brand) and its key pharmacologic definition, indication, or mechanism as presented in the lecture notes.

Simvastatin (Zocor)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower LDL-C and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Quinapril (Accupril)

ACE inhibitor for hypertension and heart failure; lowers angiotensin II and aldosterone.

Ramipril (Altace)

ACE inhibitor used post-MI, in hypertension, and to reduce CV event risk.

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

Antianginal that inhibits late Na⁺ current, decreasing ventricular tension and O₂ demand.

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Oral factor Xa inhibitor for prevention and treatment of thromboembolism and stroke in AF.

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Potent statin for hyperlipidemia, mixed dyslipidemia, and ASCVD prevention.

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Aldosterone antagonist diuretic for HF, edema, HTN, and hypokalemia.

Terazosin (Hytrin)

α₁-Blocker used for BPH and hypertension; relaxes prostate and vascular smooth muscle.

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

Reversible P2Y₁₂ inhibitor antiplatelet for acute coronary syndrome; reduces ischemic events.

Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Oral V2-receptor antagonist for eu-/hypervolemic hyponatremia; increases free-water excretion.

Triamterene/Hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide)

K⁺-sparing plus thiazide diuretic combo for edema and hypertension.

Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin II receptor blocker for HTN, HF, and post-MI management.

Verapamil (Calan)

Non-DHP CCB for HTN, angina, and rate control of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant for prevention/treatment of thrombosis and embolism.

Exenatide (Byetta/Bydureon)

GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes; increases insulin secretion and slows gastric emptying.

Liraglutide (Victoza)

GLP-1 analog for T2DM and chronic weight management; enhances glucose-dependent insulin release.

Linagliptin (Tradjenta)

DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes; prolongs endogenous incretin activity.

Saxagliptin (Onglyza)

DPP-4 inhibitor antihyperglycemic for T2DM; risk of hypoglycemia with insulin/sulfonylurea.

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

DPP-4 inhibitor improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Sulfonylurea that stimulates pancreatic β-cells to release insulin in T2DM.

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

Second-generation sulfonylurea used to improve glycemic control in T2DM.

Ibandronate (Boniva)

Bisphosphonate for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; inhibits osteoclasts.

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinedione that improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.

Insulin NPH (Humulin N)

Intermediate-acting human insulin for glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Insulin Aspart (NovoLog)

Rapid-acting insulin analog for mealtime glucose control in diabetes.

Insulin Detemir (Levemir)

Long-acting insulin analog providing basal glucose control once or twice daily.

Insulin Glargine (Lantus)

Long-acting insulin analog (24 h) for basal glycemic control in diabetes.

Insulin Lispro (Humalog)

Ultra-rapid-acting insulin analog for prandial glucose spikes in diabetes.

Levonorgestrel (Plan B)

Progestin emergency contraceptive that inhibits or delays ovulation.

Testosterone (AndroGel)

C-III androgen for male hypogonadism; restores serum testosterone levels.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Synthetic T₄ for hypothyroidism; replaces endogenous thyroid hormone.

Thyroid, Desiccated (Armour Thyroid)

Porcine T₃/T₄ mixture for hypothyroidism; not preferred for weight loss.

Enalapril (Vasotec)

ACE inhibitor for HTN and HF; prodrug converted to enalaprilat.

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

ACE inhibitor for HTN, HFrEF, and post-STEMI care.

Labetalol (Normodyne)

Mixed α₁/β blocker for hypertension, including hypertensive emergencies.

Metoprolol Succinate (Toprol-XL)

β₁-Selective blocker for HTN, angina, HFrEF, and post-MI mortality reduction.

Nebivolol (Bystolic)

Long-acting β₁-selective blocker with NO-mediated vasodilation for hypertension.

Propranolol (Inderal)

Non-selective β-blocker for HTN, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, and essential tremor.

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Low-molecular-weight heparin with anti-Xa activity for DVT/PE prophylaxis and treatment.

Omega-3-Ethyl Esters (Lovaza)

Lipid-lowering fish-oil formulation for severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur)

Long-acting nitrate for prevention of angina pectoris; provides NO for vasodilation.

Losartan (Cozaar)

ARB for hypertension, stroke risk reduction, and diabetic nephropathy protection.

Olmesartan (Benicar)

Angiotensin II receptor blocker indicated for hypertension management.

Lovastatin (Altoprev)

Statin for primary and mixed hypercholesterolemia and coronary atherosclerosis.

Pravastatin (Pravachol)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for hyperlipidemia and CV event prevention.

Niacin (Niaspan)

Antilipemic vitamin B₃ that raises HDL and lowers triglycerides; causes flushing.

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

Vasodilator nitrate for acute and prophylactic angina; converted to NO.

Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)

DHP calcium-channel blocker for HTN and chronic/variant angina.

Prasugrel (Effient)

Irreversible P2Y₁₂ inhibitor antiplatelet for PCI patients; contraindicated in ≥75 y unless high risk.

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

Reversible P2Y₁₂ inhibitor for acute coronary syndrome and post-MI secondary prevention.

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

(Duplicate removed above) — already defined.