AP Psych Unit 5 Part 2

Wisdom

Cognitive strengths related to the acquisition and use of knowledge.

Courage

Emotional strengths involving the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external or internal.

Humanity

Interpersonal strengths involving tending and befriending others.

Justice

Civic strengths that underlie healthy community life.

Temperance

Strengths that protect us against excess and promote balance.

Transcendence

Strengths that forge connections to the larger universe and provide meaning. They transcend selfishness to connect with others.

Broaden and Build Theory

positive emotions promote engagement and activity

Relative deprivation principle

the feeling that you are less well off to the people that you compare yourself to. →decreases happiness

Psychodynamic

Focuses on unconscious processes, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to understand current behavior and resolve deep-seated emotional conflicts.

Behavioral

Action-based therapy that aims to change maladaptive behaviors through learning principles like conditioning, reinforcement, and modeling (e.g., exposure therapy).

Cognitive

Focuses on identifying and challenging distorted, irrational, or unhelpful thinking patterns that cause distress, aiming to replace them with more realistic, positive thoughts.

Eclectic

A flexible approach where the therapist uses a combination of techniques from various therapeutic schools (such as cognitive, behavioral, and psychodynamic) to suit the specific needs of the patient.

Psychosurgery

The most drastic biomedical therapy, involving irreversible brain surgery (such as prefrontal lobotomy) to treat severe, treatment-resistant mental disorders by severing nerve pathways.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A procedure used to treat severe, treatment-resistant depression by inducing brief seizures in the brain via electrical currents, often resulting in positive outcomes despite its negative portrayal in media

Nonmaleficence

One of the ethical obligations of a therapist is to do no harm to the patient.

Fidelity

The client is trusting you (the therapist) to be loyal, keep promises, and maintain the therapeutic relationship.

Integrity

Being honest, accurate, and truthful in professional dealings, maintaining high standards of conduct, and avoiding deception.

Respect for rights and dignity

Recognizing and valuing the worth of all individuals, including their privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy in making their own decisions

Free association

Blurting out whatever comes to mind and what youre thinking

Resistance

Analyst looks for what you don't want to talk about. Ex) They let you free associate to whatever you want and what you don't talk about is what's most important to you

Dream Analysis

The therapist analyzes the manifest content (the literal storyline and imagery of the dream) to uncover the latent content (hidden, symbolic, and repressed unconscious desires or conflicts)

Client centered person centered

Client centered person centered therapist do not direct or interpret or provide solutions. They focus on being nondirective. -- They try to make the client resolve their own problems and confront them themselves

Active Listening Components

The therapist reflects, clarifies, and summarizes the client's words, including nonverbal cues, without judgment.

Exposure therapies

Present feared CS (conditioned stimulus) to create habituation/extinction of fear.

Systematic desensitization

Slow, gradual presentation in a relaxed environment (combines relaxation techniques with an anxiety hierarchy).

Aversion therapy

create aversion to alcohol, fingernails, etc. ex) putting nail polish on nails to stop from biting nails

Token Economy

exchange token for reward

Applied Behavior Analysis

Uses learning principles (positive reinforcement) to increase helpful behaviors and decrease harmful ones; often includes analyzing A-B-C (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) patterns.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

therapist leads patient to analyze beliefs behind emotion, expose irrational basis

Cognitive restructuring

change views of self, world, future (cognitive triad)

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

mix of individual and group therapy

Lobotomy

historical surgical procedure involving the destruction of portions of the prefrontal cortex

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

a medical treatment most commonly used in patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder that has not responded to other treatments; it involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia.

Deinstitutionalization

movement away from hospitalization towards outpatient and smaller, community-based housing

Antipsychotics

block dopamine receptors

Tardive Dyskinesia

a movement dysregulation disorder characterized by shaking

Antianxieties

manage anxiety disorders through varied mechanisms, including increasing GABA activity or regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin (SSRIs)

Antidepressants

used to treat depression, anxiety, and chronic pain by balancing neurotransmitters.

Mood stabilizers

used for bipolar disorder

Lithium

mood stabilizer primarily used to treat and prevent manic episodes in bipolar disorder, as well as reducing suicide risk

Regression to Mean

if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement. In the context of mental health, this means that people usually seek therapy when their mood or symptoms are at their absolute lowest point.

Placebo affect

Positive expectations and the ritual of treatment create genuine physiological/psychological changes, leading to improvement, even when an inert (fake) intervention is used

Therapeutic alliance

you feel like youre on the same team as your therapist so you make progress