1.4 Proteins

The functions of proteins are:

• ____

• ____

• ____

• ____

• ____

• ____

The functions of proteins are:

• structure

• muscles

• enzymes

• antibodies

• transport

• hormones

A protein is made of polymers of ____ ____ joined by peptide bonds.

A protein is made of polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

The four levels of protein structures are:

• ____

• ____

• ____

• ____

The four levels of protein structures are:

• primary

• secondary

• tertiary

• quaternary

Primary structures are just ____ of ____ ____.

Secondary structures have ____ bonds and have an ____ ____ or ____ ____ shape.

Tertiary structures have ____, ____, ____ bonds and ____ ____.

Quaternary structures are made of ____ different ____ ____.

Primary structures are just sequences of amino acids.

Secondary structures have hydrogen bonds and have an alpha helix or pleated sheet shape.

Tertiary structures have covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges.

Quaternary structures are made of two or more different polypeptide chains.

Denaturing is when a protein ____ ____ into a ____ ____, caused by:

• severe changes in ____ and ____

• the introduction of ____ ____

Denaturing is when a protein breaks bonds into a lower structure, caused by:

• severe changes in temperature and pH

• the introduction of heavy metals