Lower Extremity Anatomy and Procedures

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to the anatomy and procedures of the lower extremity, particularly focusing on the foot, ankle, and leg.

Phalanges

14 bones in each foot that make up the toes.

Metatarsals

5 bones that make up the instep of the foot.

Tarsals

7 bones that make up the ankle.

Calcaneus

Also known as the os calcis, it is the largest and strongest tarsal bone, forming the heel.

Talus

The second-largest tarsal bone that articulates with the calcaneus and other bones.

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints

Joints between the heads of the metatarsals and proximal phalanges, classified as ellipsoidal-type.

Sesamoid Bones

Two small detached bones found near joints in the foot, particularly painful when fractured.

Interphalangeal joints (IP joints)

Synovial, diarthrodial hinge type joints between the phalanges.

Ankle Joint

Formed by the talus and bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula), allowing for flexion and extension.

Cuneiforms

Three bones located between the navicular and the metatarsals, named medial, intermediate, and lateral.

Joints of the Foot

Include IP, MTP, TMT, and intermetatarsal joints.

Talocalcaneonavicular joint

A joint formed by the talus, calcaneus, and navicular.

Mortise joint

The ankle joint that includes the lateral malleolus of fibula and the medial malleolus of tibia.

Achilles tendon

Tendon attached to the calcaneus, vital for walking and running.

Jones Fracture

An avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal.

Sid

Source-to-image distance, typically 102 cm (40 inches) for lower limb procedures.

Radiation protection

Measures taken to avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation during imaging procedures.