Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Review

Comprehensive practice questions covering the clinical manifestations, causative organisms, treatments, and characteristics of common sexually transmitted infections as presented in the lecture notes.

What are the four primary modes of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Unprotected sex (vaginal, oral, or anal), skin-to-skin contact with the genital area, blood transfusion, and perinatal transmission (transplacental or during childbirth).

Which bacterial organism causes Syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What is the causative agent of Chancroid?

Haemophilus ducreyi

What is the causative organism of Gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhea

How do the clinical manifestations of a primary syphilis chancre and a chancroid differ?

A chancre (primary syphilis) is painless, whereas a chancroid is a painful ulcer with ragged edges.

Which viral infection is associated with Condylomata acuminata (warty lesions)?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Describe the characteristic vaginal discharge associated with Trichomonas vaginalis.

Thin, foamy, and foul-smelling.

What type of vaginal discharge is typical for a Neisseria gonorrhea infection?

Greenish and purulent.

What are the characteristics of vaginal discharge in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans?

Thick, cheesy exudates.

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by wart-like lesions that are highly contagious?

Secondary syphilis

What is the clinical manifestation of Tertiary (late) syphilis?

Granulomatous skin lesions found in bones and other tissues.

What are the three classic physical findings associated with late congenital syphilis as seen in X-rays and exams?

Saber shin deformity, Hutchinson's teeth, and mulberry molars.

What is the drug of choice for treating syphilis?

Penicillin

According to the transcript, what is the risk percentage of gonorrhea infection after a single exposure for females versus males?

Females have a risk of $50\%$ while males have a risk of $20\%$.

What is the primary site of infection for gonorrhea in females?

The cervix

Which medications are recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefixime, or ofloxacin.

What medication is used for the treatment of Genital Herpes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?

Acyclovir

How long is the incubation period for AIDS where the patient may remain asymptomatic?

From less than a year to about $10$ years.

What is the etiologic agent of Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice)?

Phthirus pubis

What is the recommended treatment for Pediculosis pubis?

Insecticidal cream, lotions, and shampoos containing $1\%$ malathion or permethrin.

According to the Chapter Summary, which STI is the most common worldwide?

Gonorrhea

Which STIs have available vaccines for prevention?

Hepatitis B and Human papillomavirus (HPV).

Which groups are identified as high-risk individuals for developing STIs?

Those engaging in unprotected sex, people with multiple sexual partners, sex workers, rape victims, and IV drug-users.