chapter 26 urinary system

what are the 3 components of the urinary tract?

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

the glomerular capsule + glomerulus =

renal corpuscle

proximal convoluted tubule + nephron loop + distal convoluted tubule =

renal tubule

what are the 2 capillary beds associated with each nephron?

glomerulus and peritubular capillaries

what does the glomerulus do?

filtration

what do the peritubular capillaries do?

concentrate urine

what are capillaries connected to?

arterioles

what is removed by the kidney during excretion?

organic wastes from blood

what is discharged by elimination by the urinary tract?

wasted into the environment

what does the kidney regulate?

plasma volume and solute concentration

what does the liver assist the kidney in?

deamination and detoxification

what organ carries out these functions:

• gluconeogenesis during starvation

• produce renin to regulate BP

• RBC production (erythropoietin)

• vitamin D → calcitrol

kidney

what is anchored superior to the kidneys

adrenal glands

the collagen fibers that cover the kidney is called the ….

renal capsule

the adipose cushion around the renal capsule is called the ….

adipose capsule

the collagen fibers fused to the renal capsule and deep fascia of the body wall and peritoneum is called ….

renal fascia

when the kidney comes loose from the body wall, twisting blood vessels and ureters it is called ….

renal ptosis

is the kidney peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

retroperitoneal

where do renal arteries, veins and ureters enter and exit?

hilum

where does the hilum open to?

renal sinus

what layer of the kidney is superficial and houses filtration structures in contact with the renal capsule?

cortex

what layer of the kidney has 6-18 pyramids with papilla pointing toward renal sinuses?

medulla

renal pyramids + renal columns that are the complete site of urine production is called the ….

renal lobe

what is produced in this cycle?

nephron → collecting ducts (medulla) → papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis

urine

what fills the majority of renal sinuses funneling urine into ureters?

renal pelvis

what is inflammation of the kidney causing widespread infection called?

pyelonephritis

why is the kidney highly vascularized?

has many capillaries involved in filtration

what is innervation from the renal plexus controlled by?

ANS

what kind of stimulation adjusts rate of urine formation and the release of renin to keep water in the blood?

sympathetic

what is the smallest functional unit of the kidney?

nephron