Geography - End of Year Huit

River landforms, procesess, and floodings population, pull/push factors,problems of over population, population pyramids tropical rainforests, location, climate, plant and animal adaptations, layers of the forest, deforestation, sustainable management

Erosion

The wearing away of the river's banks and bed.

Hydraulic action

Water forces break into cracks, causing them to expand.

Abrasion

Abrasion is when rocks get worn down by other rocks or particles rubbing against them.

Attrition

Rocks collide and break into smaller pieces.

Solution

Minerals dissolve in the water.

Transportation

The movement of sediments.

Traction

Large rocks rolled along the riverbed.

Saltation

Small pebbles bounced along the bed.

Suspension

Fine particles carried within the water.

Deposition

The laying down of material transported by the river.

V-shaped valleys

Landforms in the upper course of rivers.

Meanders

Landforms in the middle course of rivers.

Floodplains

Landforms in the lower course of rivers.

Heavy rainfall, Snowmelt, Deforestation, Urbanization

Causes of flooding.

Property damage, Loss of life, Disruption to transport, Waterborne diseases

Impacts of flooding.

Dams and reservoirs, Levees and embankments, River channelization, Floodplain zoning

Flood management strategies.

Push Factors

Reasons people leave an area.

Pull Factors

Reasons people move to an area.

Shortage of resources, Increased pollution, Unemployment, Strain on infrastructure, Housing shortages

Problems of overpopulation.

Wide base, Narrow top, Bulge in middle

Interpretation of population pyramids.

Expanding, Stationary, Contracting

Stages of population pyramids.

Location

Tropical rainforests are found near the Equator.

Hot and humid climate, High rainfall

Characteristics of tropical rainforest climate.

Drip tips, Buttress roots

Plant adaptations in tropical rainforests.

Camouflage, Strong limbs

Animal adaptations in tropical rainforests.

Emergent Layer, Canopy Layer, Understory Layer, Forest Floor

Layers of the tropical rainforest.

Logging, Agriculture, Urban expansion

Causes of deforestation in tropical rainforests.

Loss of biodiversity, Climate change, Displacement of indigenous communities

Impacts of deforestation.

Selective logging, Reforestation, Conservation areas, Ecotourism

Sustainable management practices for tropical rainforests.