Year 9 Biology

Cells and Microscopy

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Controls cell activities and contains DNA.

What type of substance is cytoplasm?

A jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen.

What controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Cell Membrane.

Where does respiration occur in the cell?

Mitochondria.

What is the main function of ribosomes?

To make proteins.

What provides structure and support in plant cells?

Cell Wall.

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts.

What does the vacuole store in plant cells?

Cell sap, which includes water, nutrients, and waste.

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

What is unique about the DNA structure in prokaryotic cells?

It is in a loop called a plasmid.

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

They have no nucleus and a biconcave shape to carry oxygen.

What is the adaptation of nerve cells?

They are long and branched to transmit electrical signals.

Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?

To provide energy for movement.

What adaptation helps root hair cells absorb water and minerals?

A large surface area.

What is the purpose of the tail in sperm cells?

For movement, allowing them to fertilize the egg.

What feature do palisade cells have to aid in photosynthesis?

Many chloroplasts.

What is a light microscope used for?

To magnify images using light and can view live specimens.

What is a key disadvantage of light microscopes?

They have lower magnification and resolution compared to electron microscopes.

What is the main function of an electron microscope?

To provide high detail and much higher magnification and resolution.

What cannot be viewed using an electron microscope?

Live specimens.

What is the formula for magnification?

Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size.

How is 1 mm converted to micrometers?

1 mm = 1000 µm.

How is 1 µm converted to nanometers?

1 µm = 1000 nm.

What is the first step in using a microscope?

Place the slide on the stage.

What should you select first when using a microscope?

The lowest objective lens.

What knob is used for coarse adjustments on a microscope?

Coarse focus knob.

What knob is used for fine tuning on a microscope?

Fine focus knob.

What is the end result of mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells are produced.

What occurs during the interphase stage of mitosis?

DNA is copied.

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes become visible?

Prophase.

What happens during metaphase in mitosis?

Chromosomes line up in the middle.

What occurs during anaphase?

Chromosomes are pulled apart.

What is formed during telophase?

Two nuclei.

What happens during cytokinesis?

The cell splits into two.

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

To produce energy (ATP) through respiration.

Which type of cell has a cell wall?

Plant cells.

What structural component do chloroplasts contain?

Chlorophyll.

What cellular function is associated with vacuoles?

Storage of cell sap.

Which type of cells can be classified as eukaryotic?

Animal and plant cells.

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells regarding their nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Name an adaptation of muscle cells related to energy needs.

Many mitochondria for energy production.

What is significant about the shape of red blood cells?

They are biconcave to maximize oxygen transport.

What characteristic is common to both animal and plant cells?

They both contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

What process allows plant cells to produce their own food?

Photosynthesis, occurring in chloroplasts.

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

To produce energy (ATP) through respiration.

What occurs during the interphase stage of mitosis?

DNA is copied.

What happens during cytokinesis?

The cell splits into two.

What is formed during telophase?

Two nuclei.

What is significant about the shape of red blood cells?

They are biconcave to maximize oxygen transport.