Social, Emotional and Personality Development - Unit 6

Vocabulary flashcards covering the socialisation process, developmental theories of play, emotional development, and the Big Five personality traits based on the Unit 6 lecture transcript.

Significant others

Also known as socialising agents, these are people in positions of influence who act as facilitators of the knowledge needed for a child to understand the workings of society.

Social Situations

Environmental opportunities in which socialisation may take place, be reinforced, refined, or adapted; socialisation cannot occur in the absence of these external situations.

Individual Constraints

Factors specific to the child, such as being on the autistic spectrum or having cognitive and emotional deficits, that contribute to how they experience the socialisation process.

Symbolic play

A term used by Piaget (1955) to describe play as a cognitive activity involving role adoption, where a child 'becomes' a role (like a teacher) and uses day-to-day objects to symbolise items.

Vygotsky's view on play

The belief that pretend or make-believe play is crucial for development, allowing children to develop beyond their typical age and practice social interactions for real-world situations.

Emotion

An instant feeling created by some form of trigger; it is a short, intense feeling that may cause a person's mood to change.

Attachment

A term coined by John Bowlby referring to the natural relationship a child forms with their mother that maximises closeness and contact, serving as the basis for all future emotional attachments.

Cognitive relational model of emotion

A model stating that emotions are a direct result of how a person cognitively interprets or appraises a situation based on its relevance to their goals and well-being.

Personality

A characteristic that is acquired rather than innate, shaped from infancy through interactions with the environment and the people within it.

Openness

A Big Five trait characterized by creativity, imagination, and curiosity; in a learner, it is shown through interest in a topic and going beyond what is expected.

Conscientiousness

A Big Five trait characterized by being diligent, persistent, and ambitious; in a learner, it manifests as attention to detail and wanting to do one's best.

Extroversion

A Big Five trait involving sociability, optimism, and being talkative; reflected in a learner's willingness to share and discuss ideas with peers.

Agreeableness

A Big Five trait characterized by cooperation and being good-natured; it involves working together with other learners in a constructivist approach.

Neuroticism

A Big Five trait involving anxiety, insecurity, and emotional distress; in a learner, it reflects vulnerability or being unsure of expectations.