Anatomical Joints, Measurements, and Muscle Nerve Supplies

This flashcard set covers the classification of fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, anatomical measurements of organs and structures, and the nerve supplies of composite muscles as detailed in the lecture transcript.

Plain suture

A type of fibrous joint; e.g., frontonesel suture.

Serrate suture

A type of fibrous joint; e.g., the suture between parietal bones.

Squamous suture

A type of fibrous joint; e.g., the junction of the temporal bone with the parietal bone.

Denticulate suture

A type of fibrous joint; e.g., the Lambdoid suture of the occipital bone.

Schindylesis

A wedge and groove suture; e.g., the joint between the sphenoid and the ala of vomer.

Gomphosis

A fibrous joint occurring between a tooth and bone, involving the periodontal ligament.

Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint; examples include the middle radio-ulnar joint, inferior tibio-fibular joint, and sacroiliac joint.

Synchondrosis ($1^{\circ}$)

A primary cartilaginous joint; examples include the costochondral joint, growth plates in long bones, and the spheno-occipital joint.

Symphysis ($2^{\circ}$)

A secondary cartilaginous joint; examples include intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, manubriosternal joint, xiphisternal joint, and sacro-coccygeal joint.

Ball & Socket joints

Synovial joints including the incus-stapes, hip, shoulder, and talo-calcaneo-navicular joints.

Saddle joints

Synovial joints including the malleus-incus, $1^{st}$ CMC (carpometacarpal), calcaneo-cuboid, and sterno-clavicular joints.

Ellipsoid joints

Synovial joints including the atlanto-occipital, wrist, and MCP/MTP (metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal) joints.

Pivot joints

Synovial joints including the atlanto-axial and superior/inferior radio-ulnar joints.

Plane joints

Synovial joints including intercarpal, intertarsal, acromio-clavicular, costo-transverse, costo-vertebral, sterno-costal (except $1^{st}$), femur-patella, and superior tibio-fibular joints.

Condylar joints

Synovial joints such as the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) and the knee.

Hinge joints

Synovial joints including the ankle, elbow, and IP (interphalangeal) joints.

Normal prostate volume

$$20\,mL$$

Reticular fibres

Connective tissue elements that are absent in the Thymus.

Superficial posterior compartment of leg

The leg compartment that lacks a neurovascular bundle.

CCA division

The level at which the common carotid artery divides: C4.

Transverse facial artery

An artery that is a branch of the STA (Superficial Temporal Artery).

Clavicle

The only long bone with membranous ossification and the first to start ossification ($5^{th}$ week POG); it has [2] primary ossification centres.

$25\,cm$ length structures

Esophagus, Duodenum, Ureter, and Descending colon.

$45\,cm$ length structures

Spinal cord, Thoracic duct, Vas deferens, Sartorius, Femur, and Transverse colon.

Digastric (Nerve Supply)

Anterior belly: V3; Posterior belly: Facial nerve.

Flexor digitorum profundus (Nerve Supply)

Medial half: Ulnar nerve; Lateral half: Anterior interosseous (branch of median nerve).

Adductor magnus (Nerve Supply)

Adductor part: Obturator nerve; Hamstring part: Tibial nerve.

Biceps femoris (Nerve Supply)

Long head: Tibial nerve; Short head: Common peroneal nerve.

Pectineus (Nerve Supply)

Anterior fibres: Femoral nerve; Posterior fibres: Obturator nerve.

Brachialis (Nerve Supply)

Proprioceptive: Radial nerve; Motor: Musculocutaneous nerve.

Flexor pollicis brevis (Nerve Supply)

Superficial head: Median nerve; Deep head: Deep branch of ulnar nerve.

Pectoralis major and minor (Nerve Supply)

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.

Subscapularis (Nerve Supply)

Upper and lower subscapular nerves.

Parallel muscle arrangement

Muscle fibers arranged in parallel, as seen in the Thyrohyoid, Sternohyoid, and Rectus abdominis.

Fusiform muscle arrangement

Spindle-shaped muscle fiber arrangement, as seen in the Biceps brachii and Digastric.