Study Guide - Chapter 38

Urine Elimination

Polyuria

excessive output of urine (diuresis)

Anuria

24-hour urine output is less than 50 mL or complete absence

Oliguria

24-hour urine output is less than 400 mL

Puyria

pus in urine

Dysuria

painful or difficult urination

Glycosuria

glucose in urine

Proteinuria

protein in urine

Urinary incontinence

involuntary loss of urine

Frequency

peeing odee

Nocturia

waking up at night to pee

Difference b/w a Suprapubic Urinary Catheter and urinary diversion

suprapubic catheter - temp or long-term tube inserted directly into the bladder through the abdomen

urinary diversion -surgery that reroutes how urine exits the body, often after the bladder is removed or bypassed

How do we prevent CAUTI (catheter associated UTI)?

• sterile technique

• maintain closed drainage system

• height of bag, preventing back flow

• proper perineal hygiene

• maintaining hydration

What are some recommendations to prevent urinary infections?

• hygiene

• stay hydrated

• wipe front to back

• pee when u have the urge

What are expected outcomes when removing an indwelling catheter?

• removed w/o difficulty and minimal pt discomfort

• pt voids minimum 250 mL of urine within 6-8 hours of removal

• skin remains intake

• pt verbalizes need to maintain good fluid intake

Transient urinary incontinence

appears suddenly, lasts 6 months or less

Mixed urinary incontinence

urine loss w/ features of 2+ types of incontience

Overflow urinary incontinence

over distention and overflow of bladder

Functional urinary incontinence

caused by factors outside the urinary tract (ex: immobility)

Reflex urinary incontinence

emptying of bladder w/o sensation of need to void

Total urinary incontinence

continuous, unpredictable loss of urine

Stress urinary incontinence

involuntary loss of urine related to increase in intra-abdominal pressure (ex: cough, sneeze)

What meds are nephrotoxic?

• diuretics

• ACE inhibitors

• metformin

• NSAIDs

What are characteristics of urine?

• color

• odor

• turbidity

• pH

• specific gravity

• constituents

List abnormal characteristics of urine

• color - dark (concentrated), misc color (meds or foods)

• odor - fruity (high in glucose), fetid (heavy infection), misc smell (some foods)

• turbidity - cloudy (bacteria, rbc, wbc, etc)

• pH - alkaline (foods), acidic (high protein diet)

• specific gravity - mad concentrated (dehydration), low specific gravity (overhydration)

• constituents - blood, pus, glucose, ketone, bile, etc

What’s the cons of peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis?

Peritoneal - increased infection risk

Hemodialysis - need long-standing vascular access

Amitriptyline/B-complex vitamins causes ___ urine color

Green or blue-green

Levodopa causes ____ urine color

Brown or black

Pyridium causes ____ urine color

orange-red

Diuretics causes _____ urine color Anticoagulants = red (assess for hematuria).

pale yellow

Anticoagulants cause ____ urine color

red (assess for hematuria).