8th Grade TCI Unit 1 Lesson 3 (RANDOM)

The 13 English Colonies

Mercantilism

Economic policy where nations gained wealth by controlling trade and colonies.

Three Colonial Regions

New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies.

Charter

A formal document from the king outlining boundaries and government rules.

General Assembly

An elected group of community members who made laws for a colony.

Colonial Voting Rights

Limited to free, white, landowning men.

Three Main Motives for English Colonies

Business profit, religious freedom, and refuge for debtors.

Founders of Massachusetts

William Bradford (Pilgrims, 1620) and John Winthrop (Puritans, 1630).

Massachusetts Climate & Geography

Harsh winters, warm summers; sandy coast with good ports and forests.

Massachusetts Economy

Farming, lumbering, shops, and shipping.

Difference between Puritans and Separatists (Massachusetts)

Puritans wanted to simplify the church; Separatists wanted to break away completely.

Mayflower Compact(Massachusetts)

An agreement signed in 1620 describing how Pilgrims would govern themselves.

Wampanoag Tribe(Massachusetts)

Taught the Pilgrims how to plant crops, trap, and fish to survive.

Year of the First Thanksgiving(Massachusetts)

1621

John Winthrop’s "City Upon a Hill" (Massachusetts)

The idea that Massachusetts should set a godly example for the world.

Founders of Rhode Island (Rhode Island)

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Reason Roger Williams left Massachusetts (Rhode Island)

Put on trial for preaching complete religious freedom.

Founder of Providence (Rhode Island)

Roger Williams (bought land from the Narragansetts).

Founder of Portsmouth (Rhode Island)

Anne Hutchinson

Rhode Island's Involvement in Slave Trade

Became one of the world's largest centers for slave trading.

Puritan Nickname for Rhode Island

"Rogues' Island" (or "the sewer of New England").

Founder of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Hartford (Connecticut)

Settlement founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker and his followers

Fundamental Orders (Connecticut)

The first written constitution in the colonies; gave voting rights to Puritan men.

The "Charter Oak" Legend (Connecticut)

Colonists hid the charter inside a white oak tree to keep the king from taking it back.

Original Name & Owners of New York

New Netherland; owned by the Dutch West India Company.

Renaming of New York (1664)

Named after James, the Duke of York, after the English captured it.

How New Jersey Was Created (New York)

The Duke of York gave land south of New York to Carteret and Berkeley.

Why New York's Early Settlement Was Slow

Wealthy landowners charged poor tenant farmers high rents.

Jacob Leisler’s Rebellion (1689) (New York)

Colonists rebelled to gain an elected assembly with lawmaking powers.

Founder of Pennsylvania

William Penn

Quaker Beliefs (Pennsylvania)

Simple lifestyle, equality for all, and refusal to bow to the king

Why King Charles II Granted Land to Penn (Pennsylvania)

Repaid a debt to Penn's father and removed Penn from England.

Great Law of 1682 (Pennsylvania)

Promised that people of all religious faiths in Pennsylvania would be treated equally.

Meaning of Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)

City of Brotherly Love

Founder of Maryland

Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

Purpose of Maryland

Created as a safe haven for Catholics and to build family wealth

Act Concerning Religion (1649) Maryland

First law in America guaranteeing religious freedom (for Christians only).

Founders of Virginia

Sir Walter Raleigh and the Virginia Company.

Virginia House of Burgesses

Virginia's elected lawmaking assembly established in 1619.

Main Cash Crop of Virginia

Tobacco

1661 Virginia Slave Law

Passed a law making African workers enslaved for life.

Founders of Georgia

James Oglethorpe and King George II (1732)

Two Main Purposes of Georgia

Help debtors stay out of prison and act as a military buffer against Spanish Florida.

(Georgia) Oglethorpe's Strict Colony Laws

Banned alcohol and slavery (rules that were hated by settlers).