Help with histology identification

Plagiarized from the His videos

How do you distinguish between the different types of muscle cell?

1. How many nuclei each cell has.

2. How the cells are joined together.

How do you distinguish between muscle tissue and nervous tissue?

Muscle tissue has nuclei whereas nervous tissue does not.

What does ‘simple’ mean in ‘simple epithelium’?

One layer

How can you distinguish adipose tissue from alveoli?

Adipose tissue - sacs of lipid with one nuclei around the entire sac

Alveoli - sacs will have individual cells lining each alveoli

Skeletal muscle

Classic striated appearance

Multiple nuclei per muscle fibre (but sometimes you cannot see the nuclei)

Cardiac muscle

More rectangular

Single nucleus

Intercalated discs

Smooth muscle

Smallest muscle

Resembles a jumbled sheet

Multiple nuclei

Cuboidal epithelium

Cube-shaped cell with a round nucleus

Squamous epithelium

Flat, squashed cell with a flat nucleus

Columnar

Column shaped cells with a round nucleus

Basement membrane

Sticks epithelial tissues to the tissues around them

Found under the epithelial tissues

Stratified epithelial cells

Rows of epithelial cells arranged on top of each other

Pseudo-stratified cells

Can only be columnar cells

Appear stratified but are really all in one layer (all originate on the basement membrane)

Transitional epithelium

Jumble of epithelial cells around organs that need to stretch (e.g. bladder)

What cell lives in connective tissue?

Fibroblasts

How to tell the difference between elastic cartilage, hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage?

Elastic cartilage - rough fibre appearance between lacunae

Hyaline cartilage - smooth between lacunae

Fibrocartilage - more fibres than lacunae

Dense regular connective tissue

Wave-like collagen fibre appearance

Fibroblasts squashed in between the collagen fibres

What are the 3 granulocytes?

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

What are the 2 agranulocytes?

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

What are the ways to distinguish the granulocytes from each other?

1. Neutrophils will be paler than the red blood cells around them
   Eosinophils will be pink
   Basophils will be a very dark purple

2. Neutrophils will have randomly sized nuclei that are connected
   Eosinophil nuclei will be round and sometimes connected through a strand (think old-style telephone)
   Basophil nuclei cannot be seen because the cell is so dark

What are the ways to distinguish the agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes are roughly the same size as a red blood cell whereas monocytes are much larger.

Monocyte nucleus shaped like a kidney bean.