History: Migration and Empire

Dates and Key words and phrases

Nationalism:

ideology based on pride in your nation which was promoted by leaders who wanted their countries to gain independence

Self-Determination:

the ability to make decisions yourself which was accepted as a right of all nations during WW2

How many Indians fought for Britain in WW1?

1.6m

In what way did World War Two show British vulnerability?

lost Singapore to Japan and Churchill signed Atlantic Charter

When did India became an Independent country?

1947

How many Muslims fled to newly created Pakistan?

7m

How many people fled to England after the Partition of India?

10,000

What and when was the Mau Mau Rebellion and who was imprisoned?

1951, 5000 Kenyans killed, Kenyetta imprisoned

When and where was the Convention Party formed and who led it? What was it's democratic slogan?

1951, Ghana, Nkrumah - the slogan "self-government now"

When did Ghana become independent and who was the leader?

1957: Nkrumah

When did Kenya became independent under which leader?

1961: Kenya became independent under Jomo Kenyetta

What happened in Egypt in 1965?

1965: Egypt's President Nasser took the Suez Canal: British and French

bombing created international outcry so they gave up

What did the 1948 Nationality Act grant?

1948: Nationality Act: Granted full rights of entry and settlement in Britain to anyone in the Commonwealth.

When did HMS Empire Windrush bring the first Caribbean migrants to Britain?

1948: 22nd June:

When were the Notting Hill Riots?

1958

What were the consequences of the Notting Hill riots?

The local migrant population responded by establishing the first newspaper for ethnic minority people in Britain, the West Indian Gazette, and the Notting Hill Carnival

When was the Bristol Bus Boycott?

1963

When was the Race Relations Act passed?

1965

What did the 1962 Immigration Act state?

It limited the amount of immigration from the Empire to those with guaranteed jobs

Who became President of Uganda and persecuted its large Asian population in 1971?

Idi Amin

How many Asian-Ugandans fled to Britain, many settling in Leicester?

29,000

How did the Falklands war start and when?

1982: Argentina invaded the British run islands; Thatcher reacted quickly sending 28000 troops to defeat them

Who were the Windrush Generation?

1940-50s Caribbean Migrants who were encouraged to come to Britain to help rebuild the country after WW2.

How many Jamaican Migrants were there in Britain by 1961?

172,000

Multiculturalism

The celebration of many cultures in society. Encouraged by anti-racism campaigns and flourished in inner city areas such as Brixton and London

Who were the National Front and who was Enoch Powell?

An extreme right wing group and an extreme right-wing politician who spread anti-immigration ideas

What is the Commonwealth?

An organisation which aimed to maintain ties between 54 countries formally in Empire, through economy, culture (commonwealth games) and politics.

When did Britain join the EEC?

1973

What and when was the Maastricht Treaty?

1992:EEC became the EU

When did 8 Eastern European countries which had been communist, join the EU?

2004

By 2015 how many EU migrants were working in Britain and what percentage of them were Eastern European?

1.9m EU migrants working in Britain, 60% Eastern European

By 2015, how many Britons were living in the EU? Where mainly?

2m Britons living in the EU, half of them in Spain

When did Britain vote to leave the EU in a referendum, and what was the result?

2016: 48 remain -52% leave

Nation State

a nation which is allowed to run itself

Decolonisation

when Empires end

Home Rule

the ability to run your own government

Democracy

government is run by elected people

Economic migrant

someone who moves for work

Boycott

refuse to use a service or good in protest

Pro-Europeans:

People who support the EU

Euro-sceptics:

People who oppose the EU

Referendum:

A national vote on a big issue

Atlantic Charter:

1941 agreement signed by Prime Minister (Churchill) and US President that WW2 was being fought to give all countries the right to self-determination

Indian National Congress:

Nationalist political part in India

Partition:

The division of India and Pakistan based on religion 1947

Mother Country:

Name given to Britain in many colonies

Colour Bar:

Racist policy that limited where migrants worked/lived

The National Front:

Racist political group that attack black youths

European Coal and Steel Community:

Alliance between European countries based on economic co-operation

European Union:

International organisation to ensure economic/social co-operation in Europe

Citizen's Rights Directive:

Allowed all people in the EU to live and work in any other EU country

Claudia Jones:

Caribbean migrant who established the West Indian Gazette and Notting Hill Carnival to support other migrants and create positive multiculturalism

Gandhi:

led successful peaceful protests for Indian home rule including the 1920-22 boycott, the Salt March and the Quit India movement

Kwame Nkrumah:

led peaceful campaign for independence in the 'Gold Coast' and became the first Prime Minister of independent Ghana in 1957. Held a 'Pan-Africa' conference in Accra to support others seeking independence

Jomo Kenyetta

imprisoned in after Mau Mau, released and led Kenya to independence

When did the British government take full control over India?

1858

When did India gain Independence from Britain?

1947

Who sought to develop advanced transport links to encourage farming in Uganda?

The Imperial British East Africa company

Who did the Imperial British East Africa Company use to build the Ugandan railway line?

They used indentured labour from India - 32,000 Indian workers.

By 1900 how what percentage of people in Britain lived in

urban areas?

75%

Which Act in 1902 limited immigration for the first time?

1902 Alien Act

Industrialisation

large scale development of industry led to major cities, London, Birmingham etc. This helped drive imperialism since Britain grew rich from manufacturing. Poverty in the city led to tensions but also multiculturalism as cities attracted migrants

793

First Vikings' raid on England

Lidisfarne

Monastery attacked by vikings

economic reasons

reason for vikings adding england to empire and migrating

good-quality farming land

pull factor vikings

hard to grow crops in scandinvia/overcrowded/only eldest sons inherited land

push factor vikings

860

Viking Leader Ragnar executed

Great heathen army 856-878

viking invasion force, as a result of ragnar execution

865

viking invasion, all but wessex defeated

Alfred the great

king of wessex

878

battle of edington, vikings defeated

danelaw

area of england alfred allowed vikings to rule

build defences/buhrs, fair laws, encouraged english language

alfred during his reign

alfred the great

king of the english

saved anglo-saxon england from viking domination, forged english identity

why was alfred great

century of peace, coexistence of english and danes

consequence of danelaw

978

king aethelred the unready

991

battle of maldon, viking army let by sven forbeard attacked

danegeld

aethelred's bribe to english, led to more attacks

991

3300kg of silver given to vikings, british taxed

1002

aethelred marries emma of normandy, to form alliance

1002

St Brice's Day Massacre, murder all vikings in england

1013

Sven Forkbeard conquers england after st brice's day massacre

1014

aethelred becomes king again, still fighting

1016

aethelred dies

aethelred's son edmund, then king cnut

aethelred's replacement

rich area involved in trade, religious man

appeal of england to cnut

1017

cnut marries emma of normandy to strengthen relations

inherited denmark and norway

cnut's inheritance from brother

peaceful period, england grew wealthy

why is cnut great

contributed to language

impact of vikings

1042

Cnut and sons died, edward the confessor becomes king

edward the confessor

son of emma of normandy and aethelred

1066

edward the confessor died

harold godwinson

1066 - good soldier most powerful man in england

william duke of normandy

1066 - claimed he was promised the throne and supported by harold godwinson

harald hadrada

viking ruler of norway whose family ruled england in past

edgar aetheling

edward's nephew and relative, teenager

harold godwinson, left william duke of normandy furious

who was chosen as king in 1066